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1891: James McCready “Mac” H. [near right, 1925] was born in Brownsville, Pennsylvania
[far right: map, 1902]—about 30 miles
[50 km] south
of Pittsburgh—to Joseph Huston, a dentist, and Elizabeth Fishburn H. In
March 1940, Mac would help found Alcoholics Anonymous in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
1951: In American Weekly, Booton Herndon memorialized Dr. Bob S. in an article titled “Dr. Bob: His Only Monument Is a Plaque, but the Thousands He Helped Rescue From Alcoholism Will Never Forget Him” [left: article, illustration].
2020: “Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder,”
[left: cover]
by John F. Kelly, Keith Humphreys, and Marcia Ferri
was published. They sought to
1951: In American Weekly, Booton Herndon memorialized Dr. Bob S. in an article titled “Dr. Bob: His Only Monument Is a Plaque, but the Thousands He Helped Rescue From Alcoholism Will Never Forget Him” [left: article, illustration].
2020: “Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder,”
[left: cover]
by John F. Kelly, Keith Humphreys, and Marcia Ferri was published. They sought to
… evaluate whether peer‐led AA and professionally‐delivered treatments that facilitate AA involvement (Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) interventions) achieve important outcomes, specifically: abstinence, reduced drinking intensity, reduced alcohol‐related consequences, alcohol addiction severity, and healthcare cost offsets.Their methodology was to search
They looked for existing studies and included
- Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group Specialized Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO from inception to 2 August 2019.…
- ongoing and unpublished studies via ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) on 15 November 2018.…
- included non‐English language literature.…
- references of topic‐related systematic reviews and bibliographies of the included studies
… randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi‐RCTs and non‐randomized studies that compared AA or TSF (AA/TSF) with other interventions, such as motivational enhancement therapy (MET) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), TSF treatment variants, or no treatment. We also included healthcare cost offset studies. Participants were non‐coerced adults with AUD [alcohol use disorder].They concluded:
There is high quality evidence that manualized AA/TSF interventions are more effective than other established treatments, such as CBT, for increasing abstinence. Non‐manualized AA/TSF may perform as well as these other established treatments. AA/TSF interventions, both manualized* and non‐manualized, may be at least as effective as other treatments for other alcohol‐related outcomes. AA/TSF probably produces substantial healthcare cost savings among people with alcohol use disorder.One anonymous Substack writer titled a post that referred to this study as “Guess What? AA Works.”
*In this study, manualized refers to interventions that follow a standardized,
structured approach; they are characterized by:
1. A
session-to-session outline
2. Treatment based on
standardized content
3. Content delivered in a linear or
modular fashion
4. Consistent treatment delivered across
time and different sites
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