April 18 in A.A. History

1941: Lowell Clucas’s article, “A.A.’s Go to Work in Jacksonville” [left], appeared on page 11 of the Jacksonville (Florida) Journal after Tom S. spoke with the city editor earlier that month about the national Alcoholics Anonymous movement and its local activities. Clucas then forwarded inquiries generated by the article to Tom. The first responses came from Charlie P., Bruce H., and Hugh C., and these four established the Central Group of A.A., which met at 2747 Riverside Ave. [right] in Jacksonville. All four founders died sober.

Today in A.A. History—April 18–22

1956: At the 6th General Service Conference, held at the Commodore Hotel [right, c. 1940] in New York City, the Conference…

… unanimously approved of Bill’s new book [A.A. Comes of Age].

The Conference also approved a motion…

… asking Headquarters to designate Thanksgiving Week “A.A. Gratitude Week” and that this be noted in pre-Thanksgiving appeals for funds to help support worldwide services.

    In the final session, Bill W. proposed four principles “that might someday permeate all of A.A.’s services,” namely “Petition, Appeal, Participation, and Decision”—foreshadowing Concepts III, IV, and V.

Today in A.A. History—April 18–23

 

1966: At the 16th General Service Conference, held at the Hotel Roosevelt [left, 2008] in New York City, the ratio of Class B [alcoholic] trustees to Class A [non-alcoholic] trustees was revised to give Class Bs a ⅔ majority, rather than the previous simple majority. For 11 years, Bill W. had pursued this change, debating it at ten consecutive General Service Conferences. In a 1958 letter, Bill outlined why he believed it should be so:

1. the increased press of work with which A.A. has no business saddling the nonalcoholic members;…
2. the increasing importance of proper determination of the A.A. policy and its administration, which the nonalcoholics have, wrongly, I think, disclaimed all ability to handle;…
3. the need for wider representation geographically of alcoholic trustees; and…
4. it is unsound psychologically for a movement of the present size and maturity to take a childish and fearful view that a majority of alcoholics cannot be trusted to sit on our most important board…

1977: At the 27th General Service Conference, at the Statler Hilton Hotel [right] in New York City, the Conference approved Floor Action #3, which recommended that publication of a facsimile of the first edition of the Big Book should not be undertaken, as it would destroy the sentimental value of the actual first edition.

Today in A.A. History—April 18–24

1982: The 32nd General Service Conference was held at the Roosevelt Hotel [above left] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

14. A draft of a pamphlet be developed for the homosexual alcoholic.

1993: The 43rd General Service Conference was held at the Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza [left] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

2. The use of sobriety chips/medallions is a local matter and not one for the Conference take a position on.
3. It inappropriate for AAWS or the Grapevine, Inc., to produce or license sobriety chips/medallion
10. Contributions from conferences, conventions, and round-ups not be limited to any amount; only funds from A.A. members 
attending such events should be contributed to support A.A. services.
13. Rejected a proposed quarterly Spanish newsletter due to staffing needs and other costs.
17. Rejected request to rewrite the first three chapters of the Big Book.
18. Rejected facsimile of 1st edition Big Book as it would destroy the sentimental value of the real ones.
19. A.A.W.S. produce a pocket-sized version of the Big Book with Preface, all forewords, The Doctor’s Opinion, basic text, Dr. Bob’s Story and Appendices.
20. The A.A. history book project be deferred two years so a new team can look at it with fresh ideas.
23. The area delegate term not be extended to three years.
32. Some areas have incorporated linguistic districts within their structure, whose boundaries may be independent of the conventional district boundaries.
39. The chairperson of the GeneralService Board serve for no more than four consecutive years.

1999: The 48th General Service Conference was held at the Crowne Plaza Manhattan [right] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

9. A.A. should accept discounts or subsidies which would be offered to any organization of similar size, i.e., hotel convention rates. When offered in partly or in total because we are A.A., it must be declined.
12. Publications Dept. has editorial responsibilities for the 4th edition Big Book: editorial “fine tuning” such as footnotes, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, updating, jacket materials, page numbers, etc.
14. A draft of a pamphlet directed to the Black/African American alcoholic be developed.

2004: The 54th General Service Conference was held at the Crowne Plaza Manhattan [above right] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

1. Punctuation in “Doctor Bob’s Nightmare” in the 4th edition of the Big Book be restored to that of the 3rd.
14. A draft Spanish-language third edition Big Book, Alcohólicos Anónimos be developed, with pp. i–181 and Appendices undergo a total review to assure accuracy and consistency of style and tone.
18. Approved use of personal computers at Conferences (up to 24 spaces with power outlets available).
19. Denied request for a 2nd delegate area for Area 15 (S. Florida, Bahamas, U.S. Virgin Islands, Antigua).
21. Add “aa.org” to tagline on all radio PSAs: “Look us up. Check your phone book, newspaper or aa.org.”
22. Produce quarterly reports on web site: changes to, activity on, and summaries of requests/actions taken.

2010: The 60th General Service Conference was held at the Hilton Rye Town [left] in Rye Brook, New York.  Advisory Actions included:

1. The request to develop procedures for making Concept V appeals to the Conference be recommitted to the GSB, so they can addresses considerations raised by Conference delegates.
4. Replace the Advisory Action #33 below with: Publication Dept. work with Report and Charter Committee on the Final Report to ensure all Advisory Actions and Additional Committee Considerations are consistent in format, grammatically correct, and accurately reflect the actions of the Conference.
14. La Viña move toward parity with Grapevine, as perfect-bound, black-and-white, 68-page bimonthly.
17. Develop literature focusing on spirituality, including stories from atheists/agnostics who got sober in A.A.
18. In “Frequently Asked Questions about A.A.,” change the paragraph on closed meetings from “A closed meeting is limited to members of the local AA group or visiting members from other groups” to “A closed meeting is for A.A. members only, or for those who have a drinking problem and have a desire to stop drinking.”
24. Develop a plan for a G.S.C. inventory to be brought forward to the 2011 Conference.
30. The trustees’ P.I. Committee bring to the 2011 Conference P.I. Committee a draft policy on whether or not to show faces of actors portraying A.A. members or potential members in visual media.
33. Advisory Actions and Additional Committee Considerations be published exactly as approved by the Conference in the General Service Conference Final Report [rescinded by Floor Action #4 above].

2021: The 71st General Service Conference was held online [right: Class A Trustee and A.A. Grapevine chair Michele Grinberg speaking from “the floor”]. With the COVID-19 pan­demic continuing into its second year, the Conference coordinators had time to prepare for the likelihood of an online format. Among the recommendations made during the Conference were:

• Changing “men and women” in the Preamble to “people.”
• “A Fifth Edition of… Alcoholics Anonymous, be developed;…” “A Fourth Edition of… Alcohólicos Anónimos, be developed…”
• Revise Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions: on p. 117, replace “opposite sex” with “partner;”on p. 66, replace, “No one wants to be angry enough to murder, lustful enough to rape, gluttonous enough to ruin his health” with “No one wants to commit the deadly sins of anger, lust or gluttony.”
• On p. 12 of “Questions and Answers on Sponsorship,” change “… be of the same sex” to “… be avoided whenever a romantic entanglement might arise between sponsor and sponsee.”
• A draft version of the Big Book be translated into plain and simple language.
• Develop a process for polling the General Service Conference between annual meetings, enabling online discussion and debate, broader participation, and greater efficiency.
• Implement a 3-year trial of an Equitable Distribution of Workload Process for the 72nd Conference.
• U.S./Canada recognize online groups and encourage their participation, superseding a 1997 Advisory Action designating online groups as “International Correspondence Meetings.” Form a GSB committee to explore possibilities for participation of online groups in the U.S./Canada dervice structure.”
• Add guardianship of the Twelve Concepts to the Purpose statement of the Current Conference Charter, which already names the Twelve Steps and the Twelve Traditions.

April 17 in A.A. History

1937: Albert “Abby” G. [leftt] began his journey to sobriety when Dr. Bob S. admitted him to Akron City Hospital. While still in Akron, Ohio, his wife hosted the first Alcoholics Anonymous meeting in Cleveland, Ohio, at their home [right] on May 11th. His story, “He Thought He Could Drink Like a Gentleman,” appeared in the 2nd and 3rd editions of Alcoholics Anonymous.

  1939: The dust jackets for Alcoholics Anonymous were printed one week after the book’s initial printing, adding $147.47 [~$3,500 in 2026] to Works Publishing’s expenses. Copies shipped before the dust jackets were available may have been enclosed in glassine wrappers—thin, nearly transparent paper coverings—or other plain wrappers. While no such copy is known to exist, one would be extremely valuable if discovered [left: 1st edition without and with dust jacket, respectively].

1941: Herman “Tex” A. [right, at Hole in the Ground] established the Hole in the Ground Group, the second Alcoholics Anonymous group in the Los Angeles, California. Tex, who had grown tired of driving from Long Beach to Los Angeles to pick up A.A. members, quipped, “I’m just sick of picking up guys in Long Beach and driving them thirty-five miles [~56 km] to Los Angeles, so I’m starting a group at the halfway point.” 
    This decision displeased the “downtown boys,” who “excommunicated” Tex, a reaction he shrugged off. He appointed his older sister, Sybil C. [left, at Hole in the Ground], as the group’s coffee maker and greeter. Sybil, the first woman in A.A. west of the Mississippi River (having joined A.A. a week after Tex), delivered her first “shaky” lead at the Hole in the Ground Group.
    On 7 December 1941—the day Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, drawing the U.S. into World War II—the group would move to 6909 Rugby Ave., Huntington Park, California.

2018: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc. (AAWS) launched a YouTube channel featuring three videos: “Doors,” “My World,” and “I Have Hope,” all available in English, French, and Spanish [right].

Today in A.A. History—April 17–21

1957: The 7th General Service Conference was held at the Commodore Hotel [left, c, 1940] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

• Approved unanimously a unique new set of by-laws which had… been adopted by the Board… on a contingent basis.… The distinctive feature of the by-laws is that they prescribe certain “ground rules” for the operation of the Board while avoiding “legalistic” details… drafted by Bernard B. Smith.
• Question of changing ratio of trustees [was] tabled again.
• … Recomnended that the state [of Ohio] be divided into four Assembly Areas…
• That the Conference recognize the need for a fifth Delegate [for California] on the basis of population.

Today in A.A. History—April 17–22

1967: The 17th General Service Conference was held at the Roosevelt Hotel [right, 2008] in New York City. Conference Actions included:

• Voted overwhelmingly to continue the two-year term for Delegates to the Conference.
• Voiced recognition of the fact that clubs should operate within A.A. Traditions and abide by them to the fullest.
• Voiced approval of Guidelines for group separation of A.A. and Al-Anon.

1972: The 22nd General Service Conference was held at the Roosevelt Hotel [above right] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

• The leaflet [created by Nell Wing] of the biographies of Dr. Bob and Bill has been completed and is now available.” There appears not to have been a vote to approve or disapprove it.
• The 24-Hour Book not be confirmed as Conference-approved literature.
• That… G.S.O. should not… involve itself in local disputes or misunderstandings.
• Voted unanimously not to accept the Stepping Stones property, home of Bill and Lois.
• Agreed to defer the decision on the use of the Bill Wilson Memorial Fund [$36,928, ~$292,000 in 2026] so that the delegates may discuss with their groups…

Today in A.A. History—April 17–23

1983: The 33rd General Service Conference was held at the Roosevelt Hotel [above right] in New York City. Conference Actions included:

6. The Conference Agenda Committee secretary outline the procedure for selecting Conference items and send it to the Agenda Committee members with their February letter.
21. … (f) The revised manuscript of “The A.A. Group” pamphlet not be approved… and be returned for further revision.
22. The word “suggested” in the title of the Twelve Steps not be reinstated.
30. A reference to photographs be added to the Anonymity Card—the third paragraph to read as follows: “Thus, we respectfully ask that no A.A. speaker—or, indeed, any A.A. member—be identified by full name or photograph in published or broadcast reports of our meetings.”
32. A.A.W.S. explore the feasibility of translating the sound tracks of existing TV public service announcements into Spanish.
36. The General Service Board… study… inconsistencies between legal directions and actual practice of rotation in our two corporate boards and committees.
37. The General Service Board… explore … establishing an internal check-and-balance method that would possibly insure against the inadvertent violation of the spirit of rotation on the corporate boards and committees.
38. An effort be made to rectify contradictions and inconsistencies between The A.A. Service Manual and legal charters and corporate by-laws.
During the Conference, procedures became bogged down. A.A.W.S. Chair John B. called out from the podium, “Is there an A.A. parliamentarian in the house?” G.S.O. General Manager Bob P. replied, “Ninety-nine of them.”

1988: The 38th General Service Conference was held at the Roosevelt Hotel [above right] in New York City. Conference Actions included:

9. After discussing in-depth the need for carrying the A.A. message to the black community, [it was] decided that the scope of the initiative be broadened to include all minorities with emphasis on the black community (the initiative referred to was a six-point plan published in the Fall 1981 P.I.-C.P.C. Bulletin and re-published on p. 9 of the Aug-Sep 1988 Box 4-5-9).
16. The trustees’ Finance and Budgetary Committee’s proposal for handling possible excesses in the Reserve Fund be approved. [It] would use literature price reductions as the primary mechanism in adjusting… the Reserve Fund to the Conference approved limit of one year’s operating expenses.
26. The Grapevine proceed with publicaton of Bill W.’s collected Grapevine writings…
31. Work continue on the “A.A. History Book,” and that [there] be further editing through the coordinating efforts of each regional trustee with each delegate for further updating, corrections, and additional information.
39. The manuscript for the Native North American not be approved…, but… be returned for editing… references to drug addiction, chemical dependency, “junkie” and “clean” and then… be approved for publication.
48. A draft of a pamphlet for the gay/lesbian alcoholic be prepared and reviewed by the 1989 conference.
59. The Conference Charter should appear in its original 1955 form in… The AA. Service Manual, with… Advisory Action amendments and editorial changes indicated by footnotes, and… the current version of the Charter.

1994: The 44th General Service Conference was held at the Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza [left] in New York City. Conference Actions included:

6. … a) The General Service Office no longer provide A.A. confidential directories outside the Fellowship.
11. We not form an ad-hoc committee to relocate G.S.O. out of New York, because it is not financially prudent, and such a project is not needed at the present time.
21. The circle and triangle logo be discontinued on all Conference-approved literature.
25. The request from the Washington Area (72) for a new delegate area be denied.
26. The request from the Southern California Area (05) for a new delegate area be denied.
27. No moratorium be placed on topics to be considered by the General Service Conference.

2005: The 55th General Service Conference was held at the Crowne Plaza Times Square [right] in New York City. Conference Actions included:

10. The following introduction be added to the front matter of Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions…
28. The following text pertaining to the A.A. Grapevine Digital Archive be added to The A.A. Service Manual.…
30. Online meetings in languages in addition to English, French and Spanish be listed in A.A. directories under “ONLINE MEETINGS” with the meeting language indicated next to the listing…

2016: The 66th General Service Conference was held at the Crowne Plaza Times Square [above right] in New York City. Conference Actions included:

1. … Conference delegates be provided a copy of the final approved annual General Service Office and A.A. Grapevine budgets with the pre-Conference material…
2. The General Service Board develop a new policy and a plan that enhances the… Conference Agenda Review and Selection Process, providing the area delegate members… a role in the vetting and selection of proposed agenda items.
3. The trustees’ Committee on the General Service Conference create a plan to translate Conference background material, considering all possible methods…
7. The General Service Office post to the Conference dashboard, and regularly update information concerning the status of all proposed Conference agenda items.
14. The trustees’ Literature Committee develop a plan that includes a systematic schedule for the annual review of recovery literature items…
19. Implementation… of the Conference Translation Project to translate pre-Conference and Conference material into Spanish and French… continue with an estimated cost of [$50–$100 thousand] [~$69–138 thousand in 2026].
27. The following text be removed from the Concept XI essay on page 58 of Twelve Concepts for World Service: “Women workers present still another problem.… this assignment far better, just because they are women.”
28. Endnote 10, on page 59 in Twelve Concepts for World Service… be revised… with language noting that two paragraphs have been removed from the Concept XI essay and are available upon request from the G.S.O. Archives…
30. The category title “Online Meetings” be changed to “Online Meetings/Online Groups” on page vi and vii in the A.A. Directories.
31. The term “Special Needs” be removed from the name of the Conference Committee on Treatment/Special Needs-Accessibilities… The new name… will be the Conference Committee on Treatment and Accessibilities.

April 16 in A.A. History

1934: Having gotten sober on 7 June 1933, at the Keswick Colony of Mercy [right] in Whiting, New Jersey, James “Jim” R. returned to Baltimore, Maryland. This religious recovery mission had helped him maintain sobriety for over ten months. Therefore, when Bill W. got sober, Jim had already been sober for a year and a half.
    Upon his return, his wife, mindful of his past behavior, insisted he stay sober for a full year before moving back into their home at 2936 St. Paul Street [left]. He spent the next year living with his brother and began working with other alcoholics. Eventually, he would reunite with his family.
    In 1940, he would co-found Alcoholics Anonymous in Baltimore.

1939: On April 16, 1939, Ralston Burdett “Rollie” H. [right] got sober and became the 77th member of Alcoholics Anonymous. He was major league baseball player for the Cleveland Indians, so to protect his identity, Dr. Bob S. admitted him to a hospital in Akron under an assumed name. Rollie’s drinking problem had already led to his leaving four other teams four other teams over the prior decade: the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Reds, and St. Louis Browns.
    Earlier, Indians’ general manager C.C. “Cy” Slapnicka [left] had given Rollie a $1,500 diamond ring for his daughter, a gesture that helped motivate him to address his alcoholism. Adding to this, Indians’ owner Bill Veeck [right] had offered $1,500 [~$35,000 in 2026] to anyone who could help Rollie get sober; Dr. Bob declined the reward.

1940: Ruth Hock replied to a letter forwarded by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. to the Alcoholic Foundation in New York City. It was from Dave W. of Seattle, Washington, who had written to Rockefeller on 28 March, likely after reading reports about the 8 February dinner Rockefeller hosted for Alcoholics Anonymous. This exchange initiated a long correspondence between Hock and Dave, who later became one of the three founders of Seattle’s first A.A. group.

1940: On his one-year sober anniversary, Rollie H. caught an opening day no-hitter—the first since 1909, pitched by Bob Feller [right, c. 1940]—and drove in Cleveland’s only run with a triple. The occasion prompted him to break his anonymity (there were no traditions or customs regarding anonymity at the time). His story was reported nationwide, and because his alcoholism was already a matter of public record, his sobriety became big news, at least on the sports pages [left: one such article].

1945: Eliot Taintor’s novel about Alcoholics Anonymous, September Remember [right: cover], was published by Prentice-Hall. Chapter XXI, “Boomerang,” was serialized in the March and April 1945 issues of the A.A. Grapevine under the titles “The Pleasures of Pre-Publication Reading” and “from ‘September Remember’: a Novel about A.A.,” respetively. The name “Eliot Taintor,” which the A.A. Grapevine described as “a writing team, one of whom is an A.A.,” was actually a pseudonym for the married couple Ruth F. and Gregory M.

1973: At the White House, Dr. Jack Norris, Chair of the General Service Board, presented [left] Presi­dent Richard Nixon with the one-millionth copy of Alcoholics Anonymous.

2005: Nancy F., 97, died in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, after 57 years of sobriety [right: gravestone]. At age 38, struggling with alcohol, she joined Alcoholics Anonymous in June 1945. Her story, “The Independent Blonde,” appeared in the second edition of the Big Book, Alcoholics Anonymous. About it, she remarked,

    We had several writers around and they wrote my story. I didn’t write the story—someone wrote it for me. I don’t even remember being interviewed. I never thought much about my story, to tell you the truth. I don’t even think I knew it was in the Big Book.

1978: The 28th General Service Conference was held at the Roosevelt Hotel [left, 2008] in Manhattan. Advisory Actions—then known as “Collective Group Conscience Voiced”—included:

1. [Requested] the General Service Board of trustees to make a study of the possibility of restructuring the A.A. Conference regions…
9. The subject of listing special-interest groups in the A.A. directories not be included on the agenda of the 1979 Conference.
14. That a new pamphlet on finance… be prepared and distributed to stress: (a) self-support through the 60-30-10 plan; (b) how the 60-30-10 plan helps carry the A.A. message around the world… [and] that the title of the pamphlet be “Self Supporting? The 60-30-10 Plan.”
21. That neither a story about someone with a language barrier nor… about a physician be added to the pamphlet “Do You Think You’re Different?"…
43. That Article 5 on page 24 of The A.A. Service Manual be amended to read: “Area Assemblies: Composition of: Assemblies… are composed of the elected general service representatives of all A.A. groups…, district committee members, and area committee officers…”
44. Changes on page 53 of The A.A. Service Manual be made to read: “After group expenses are met, a suggested division among the three services listed above is the 60-30-10 plan (60%, intergroup or central office; 30%, General Service Office; and 10%, area committee).”
46. The Conference [rejected] the recommendation to include in The A.A. Service Manual… that trusted servants at all levels be reimbursed for expenses…

April 15 in A.A. History

1950: Melvin D. “Mel” B. [near right] got sober in Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) while hospitalized in his hometown of Norfolk, Nebraska. He attended his first 12-step meeting in 1948. Mel was the principal author of Pass It On [far right], A.A.’s authorized biography of co-founder Bill W. In addition, he published over 50 articles in the A.A. Grapevine and wrote at least seven books related to A.A.

1961: The 4th Annual New York A.A. Convention, an “All-Day” event, was held at the Engineering Societies Building [left, on opening day, 1907], located at 29 W. 39th St., New York City. The convention was sponsored by the Southeastern District of the New York State General Service Committee, now known as Area 49, SouthEastern New York (SENY).

Today in A.A. History—April 15–21

1984: The 34th General Service Conference was held at the Roosevelt Hotel [right, 2008] in New York City. Advisory actions included:

4. Cooperation with the professional community news be regularly included in Box 4-5-9, eliminating the P.I.-C.P.C. Bulletin.
8. Correctional facilities news be included in Box 4-5-9, eliminating the need for a separate Correctional Facilities Bulletin.
19. The Bill W―― biography be approved with the title Pass It On.
20. A.A.—The First Fifty Years not be approved.
29. The text of the pamphlet “The A.A. Group” referring to “What’s the difference between a ‘meeting’ and a ‘group’?” (pp. 32-33) be retained, as the text reflects the spirit of local autonomy.
34. The area treasurer from Central and Southeast Ohio be seated as a Conference member, since neither the delegate nor the alternate delegate from that area was able to attend.
37. To encourage Spanish-speaking groups and committees to participate in the general service structure: (a) areas be encouraged to provide room within their structure for Hispanic districts with a bilingual liaison or D.C.M.; (b) assemblies be encouraged to provide G.S.R. schools, seminars, or workshops in Spanish; (c) successful experience with area structure participation by Hispanic groups be shared in Spanish Box 4-5-9; (d) Spanish-speaking A.A.s active in service be encouraged to sponsor new members into service; (e) G.S.O. increase its efforts to provide Spanish service literature; (f) the trustees’ Committee on International Convention/A.A. Regional Forums consider holding a Forum in Puerto Rico.

April 14 in A.A. History

1959: In response to a letter from “Russ,” Bill W. wrote a widely circulated defense of ending A.A. meetings with the Lord’s Prayer. In it, he reasoned:

[T]here will always be those who seem to be offended by the introduction of any prayer whatever into an ordinary A.A. gathering. Also, it is sometimes complained that the Lord's Prayer is a Christian document. Nevertheless this Prayer is of such widespread use and recognition that the arguments of its Christian origin seems to be a little farfetched. It is also true that most A.A.s believe in some kind of God and that communication and strength is obtainable through His grace.  Since this is the general consensus it seems only right that at least the Serenity Prayer and the Lord's Prayer be used in connection with our meetings. It does not seem necessary to defer to the feelings of our agnostic and atheist newcomers to the extent of completely hiding our light under a bushel.

1967: Prompted by a reminder from Bob F., Bill W. wrote to him in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The letter [right] included a note for Barry C.—a key contributor to The Little Red Book—to commemorate Barry’s 27th anniversary.

Dear Bob,
    Furthering your request of March 27, I'm enclosing a note for Barry C―― on the occasion of his 27th Anniversary.
    Memories of the early days, the Nicollet Group and Barry are much with me.
    Thanks for the reminder!
                                Ever,
                                s/Bill

Today in A.A. History—April 14–20

1985: The 35th General Service Conference was held at the Roosevelt Hotel [right, 2008] in New York City. Advisory actions included:

15. A cartoon treatment be approved illustrating need for greater group participation and how the individual contributions at the group level help carry the message worldwide.
48. The Bylaws of the General Service Board be amended by adding the short form of the Twelve Concepts.
49. The A.A. Service Manual contain the original Twelve Concepts for World Service as adopted by the 12th General Service Conference on April 26, 1962.

1991: The 41st General Service Conference took place at the Rye Town Hilton [left] in Ryebrook, New York. Advisory actions included:

12. Because of an expressed need, the Grapevine commence as soon as possible to include at least one article in Spanish in each month’s issue.
14. The A.A. History book project continue to completion, and that a manuscript be forwarded to the 1992 Conference Literature Committee…
31. The six-point description of an A.A. Group in The AA. Service Manual/Twelve Concepts for World Service be deleted, and be replaced by the following:

"The Long Form of Tradition Three and a section of Warranty Six, Concept XII, aptly describe what an A.A. Group is: [quotes of Tradition Three (long form) and Warranty Six].”

2024: The 74th General Service Conference was held at the New York Marriott at the Brooklyn Bridge [right] in Brooklyn. Advisory actions included:

• The General Service Conference Inventory Plan be approved and that an inventory summary… be included in the 2025 Final Conference Report.
• A comprehensive summary of the 2025 General Service Conference Inventory be developed and distributed as an electronic version only.
• The draft manuscript Plain Language Big Book… be approved with minor editorial changes…
• … a footnote be added to the Current Conference Charter[, Article 9,] with the following text: 
  
  “In 2023 an Advisory Action was passed by the General Service Conference outlining a process for polling the General Service Conference body between annual meetings using virtual technology.”
• The items that receive simple majority be included in the Final Conference Report under the heading “Recommendations that achieved Simple Majority…”

April 13 in A.A. History

1940: In Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia Group of A.A., with the cooperation of Dr. William Turnbull, superintendent of Philadelphia General Hospital (PGH) [right, 1940s], began making regular visits to the PGH psychopathic ward. There, they recruited Art McM. and Bud M. as members. The group then persuaded Dr. John F. Stouffer, the chief psychiatrist, of A.A.’s effectiveness. Dr. Stouffer, along with Drs. C. Dudley Saul [far left] and A. Wiese Hammer [near left], maintained statistics on the Philadelphia Group, which met every Saturday^* until the hospital closed in the late 1970s.

---

^*My source states that the first meeting was on 10 April 1940, but that seems incorrect since it was a Wednesday. I assume the decision was made at the regular Thursday night meeting of the Philadelphia Group on April 11, with the hospital meetings beginning the following Saturday, April 13.

1944: The Manhattan Group was formally organized and named, claiming to have been the first Alcoholics Anonymous group in New York City (and second anywhere only to the King School Group 1 in Akron, Ohio, founded in July 1935). This assertion stems from its evolution out of the meetings of “nameless drunks” held at Bill and Lois W.’s Brooklyn home on 182 Clinton Street from 1934 to April 1939. After they lost that home, the meeting relocated several times over the next five years. The Manhattan Group claims to possess a 1966 letter from Bill W. supporting their claim of being the first A.A. group in New York City.
    Following the Manhattan Group's formation, the ”Corporation” that managed the 24th Street Clubhouse dissolved. A new, separate corporation was established to oversee the new clubhouse on 41st Street, where the Manhattan Group was presumably, for a time, their sole paying tenant.
    Later, a dispute would arise over the administration of A.A. affairs in New York City. This conflict, marked by considerable turmoil,would  ultimately lead to the creation of the New York Intergroup Association, which still exists today. The Manhattan Group would eventually accept its role as just another group within the larger A.A. structure, relinquishing any claim to special status.

Today in A.A. History—April 13–19

1997: The 47th General Service Conference was held at the Crowne Plaza Hotel in New York City.
    Of the 39 Advisory Actions submitted to the General Service Board, two from the Conference Report and Charter Committee are particularly noteworthy:

31. On-line A.A. meetings that request to be listed in A.A. directories be added to the “International Correspondence Meetings” in A.A. directories, that each listing include the Internet address of the on-line meeting, and that each on-line meeting requesting to be listed in our directories furnish G.S.O. with the name and physical address of a member willing to serve as “mail” contact.

32. An intergroup serving on-line A.A. meetings should be listed adjacent to on-line A.A. meetings in the section on “International Correspondence Meetings.”

[Note: From 1955–mid-2000s, A.A.W.S. printed three meeting directories: one each for Eastern U.S., Western U.S., and Canada. These are the directories referred to in these two Advisory Actions.]

April 12 in A.A. History

1937: Hank P.’s company Honors Dealers ran an advertisement [left] in Paterson, New Jersey’s The Morning Call. The same advertisement would appear seven days later in Hackensack, New Jersey’s Bergen Evening Record.
 
1946: At the Philadelphia Psychiatric Association’s regular meeting, three papers on alcoholism were presented, followed by discussion of two of them.
    Dr. Baldwin L. Keyes [left] began the first paper, “The Problem of Alcoholism” [right: p. 1], with the statement:

    The enormity of the problem presented by alcoholism staggers the imagination.… It has been shown that the cost of care for alcoholism in one year in the United States far exceeds $12,000,000 [~$200 million in 2026]… and exceeds two thirds of the cost of care of all bodily ills.

    The second paper, “The Conditioned Reflex Treatment of Alcoholism” [right: p. 1], by Dr. Walter L. Voegtlin [left], reported on the results of a specific aversion therapy that achieved a total abstinence rate of 51.5% for four or more years in a study of 1,526 patients conducted “before the war [World War II].”
    The third paper, “Alcoholics Anonymous” [right: p. 1], by Dr. C. Nelson Davis [left], posed the question:

    “How does it [A.A.] work?” I do not know, nor have I heard a satisfactory explanation.

    Dr. Davis also briefly described six of the many mechanisms that make up “a composite of many fundamental principles of medicine, psychiatry, and religion,” as follows.

     (1) Acceptance of alcoholism as a disease
     (2) Friendship
     (3) Personal contact

     (4) Group therapy in open meetings 

     (5) Individual psychotherapy in closed meetings

     (6) Stimulation of the ego

    Finally, he summarized the personal experiences of three members of the original A.A. group in Philadelphia:

    These members gave convincing and graphic accounts of their experiences in recovery achieved in connection with their associations in Alcoholics Anonymous. In its simplest form, the therapeutic situation includes (a) admission of alcoholism; (b) personality analysis and catharsis; (c) adjustment of personal relations; (d) dependence on some higher power, and (e) working with other alcoholic patients.