July in A.A. History—day unknown

1949: [August?] International Doctors in Alcoholics Anonymous (IDAA) [left: logo] was founded in upstate New York by Dr. Clarence P. [right], a recovering alcoholic and practicing physician, and his wife, Polly. They hosted the first Alcoholics Anonymous retreat for physicians and their families at their summer home near the Canadian border. This initial gathering attracted thirty-four attendees, including physicians from both the United States and Canada, as well as a psychologist, making it an international and interdisciplinary event.
    Since then, IDAA has held annual meetings in July or August at various locations across North America. While the format has evolved, the core mission remains the same: to provide fundamental A.A. meetings. Over time, the program has expanded to include Al-Anon, Children’s, Teen, and Ala-Twenties fellowship meetings, making IDAA a true family affair for many.

1955: Alcoholics Anonymous Publishing, Inc. published the second edition [left: 4th printing, 1960] of Alcoholics Anonymous. This edition included a new Foreword and thirty-three new stories.

1959: Alcoholics Anonymous Publishing, Inc. was renamed Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc. (A.A.W.S.). A.A.W.S. took over non-Grapevine publishing and management of the General Service Office (G.S.O.), which had long been known as “headquarters.”

1960: The AA Exchange Bulletin announced [right] that a Grapevine workshop would be held at the 3rd International Convention in Long Beach, California, celebrating Alcoholics Anonymous’ 25th anniversary. Volunteers at the workshop would sell subscriptions to the A.A. Grapevine and copies of A.A. Today [left], a special publication commemorating the anniversary. The bulletin also quoted the Grapevine, stating that over 14,000 copies of A.A. Today had been sold in advance of its publication.

1962: The cartoon strip “Victor E.” [right], created by editor Jack M., first appeared in the A.A. Grapevine. It ran until the late 1970s, at which point Jack’s declining eyesight forced him to stop. Since then, all appearances of Victor E. have been reprints.

2021: A revised Preamble was published in the July 2021 issue of the A.A. Grapevine [left: cover]. In “A Letter From the Editor,” it was explained that:

    After two years of discussion by the Fellowship, and after much thoughtful deliberation at the 2021 General Service Conference, the AA Preamble has been updated. The new version can be seen on the inside cover of this issue.

    The 71st General Service Conference (GSC) had previously adopted an Advisory Action that changed the phrase “men and women” to “people.” This decision sparked significant controversy; however, subsequent GSCs have chosen not to revert to the original wording or consider alternative proposals.

A.A. History—month & day unknown

1935: [Early spring?] In Little Rock, Arkansas, Sterling C. received a call from a local businessman seeking help for an employee, Harlan N., who was struggling with alcoholism. Sterling tried to help Harlan for six months without success. However, in 1940, both men would go on to found Little Rock’s Central Group [right, date unknown], the first A.A. group in Arkansas.
    Sterling himself had gotten sober three and a half years earlier, following the advice in Richard R. Peabody’s book, The Common Sense of Drinking. Peabody’s method emphasized retraining the mind and maintaining a continuous self-inventory. Sterling’s return to Little Rock was motivated by a desire to make amends, a key component of Peabody’s program.

July 11 in A.A. History

1950: Lawrence Morris Markey, author of the September 1939 Liberty magazine article “Alcoholics and God,” was found dead by family members at his home in Halifax, Virginia.
    The Winchester Evening Star (Virginia) reported [right], under the headline “Former Newsman Is Shot to Death,” that the local coroner discovered a small-caliber bullet wound behind Markey’s right ear. The coroner issued an “open verdict,” stating there was insufficient evidence to determine whether the death was a homicide, suicide, or accident. The case remains open to this day.
    The next day, The New York Times headlined its page 30 article [left]: “Morris Markey, 51, Writer, Shot Dead,” and included a brief biography:

    Mr. Markey, a member of the original staff on the New Yorker magazine, was widely known in the writing field. He established the magazine’s feature “A Reporter at Large.”
    Mr. Markey’s career carried him through jobs here with the Daily New, World and Evening World, and assignments for McCall’s magazine, the North American Newspaper Alliance and the Reader’s Digest.
    Apart from his career on The New Yorker, 1925–31, when he served in virtually every department, Mr. Markey won his greatest recognition for a series on the American scene later published under the title “This Country of Yours.”
    Just eighteen years ago he wrote a sentence of which he was extremely proud. It happened while on a tour of Russia and Manchuria. Under a Harbin dateline, in June, 1932, he predicted: “Ten years from this day the United States of America will be at war with the Japanese Empire.”…
    A venture as a script writer in Hollywood, 1936–38, was, he once recalled, “unproductive.” Mr. Markey was accredted a war correspondent with the Navy in the Marshall Islands, Mariannas [sic], Iwo Jima and the Philippines [sic] Sea.

    Two days after his death, The New York Times published another article, “Markey Death Mystery” [right], which revealed two additional details: 1) Markey's body was found “with a rifle beside him,” and 2) The Commonwealth attorney “expressed an opinion that Mr. Markey might have fallen, jarring down the gun, suspended on the wall, causing it to fire when it struck the floor.”

1960: Time magazine [left: cover] published an article titled “Passionately Anonymous,” which covered the 25th anniversary celebration of Alcoholics Anonymous in Long Beach, California. The article began:

    The 15,000 men and women who thronged California's Long Beach Memorial Stadium last week differed from most conventioneers in one major respect, there was no danger that any of them would get together in a hotel room to kill a bottle For this was Alcoholics Anonymous, mustering its recovered, sworn-off drinkers, their relatives and well-wishers to celebrate its 25th anniversary.

2023: By this date, JBKM, Ltd. had re-established a National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (NCADD) website at ncaddnational.org. In May 2021, JBKM, Ltd. had acquired NCADD (formerly National Council on Alcoholism—NCA—founded by Marty M. [right, 1940s] in 1942 as National Committee for Education on Alcoholism—NCEA).

July in A.A. History—day unknown

1947: Herbert “Herb” L. D., an American residing in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, received contact information for a prospective Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) member from Margaret “Bobbie” B., National Secretary of the Alcoholic Foundation in New York City. Bobbie included Spanish-language booklets and pamphlets, despite Portuguese being Brazil’s primary language.
    Herb had gotten sober in A.A. in Chicago in 1945. When he learned he would be transferred to Rio de Janeiro to direct McCann-Erickson, Inc.’s art department, he had requested contact information for A.A. in that city. The Alcoholic Foundation provided him with the name and address of their sole contact there: Lynn G. However, Herb was unable to locate anyone by that name and, in June, had written the Alcoholic Foundation requesting other potential contacts.

July in A.A. History—day unknown

1942: The first Alcoholics Anonymous group in Rochester, New York, moved its meetings from a member’s home on N. Goodman St. to Room 103 on the Mezzanine of the Hotel Seneca [left: entrance, c. 1940s] at 26 S. Clinton Ave. During the war years, gas rationing made twelfth-step calls difficult, but Rochester members persevered by bus or on foot. Initially, meetings were held on Wednesday evenings, with additional sessions added later. An answering service was eventually established with the phone number “Hamilton 3347.”
    As of 2026, the Seneca Group, which now meets on Tuesday evenings at the Greek Orthodox Church of the Holy Spirit [right, 2019] at 835 South Ave., is the oldest continuously operating A.A. group in Rochester.

1942: Bill W. taught at the first four-week sessions of the Summer School of Alcohol Studies at Yale University, which attracted 86 students [left: class portrait, 1943]. He continued to teach at the next four sessions as well. By the early 1960s, class sizes had grown to over 300, with students attending from all 50 states and numerous countries.
    The Summer School was founded by E. M. (Elvin Morton) “Bunky” Jellinek [right], the first director of the Center of Alcohol Studies at Yale University. Jellinek did not anticipate that the school would continue beyond its initial summer; in fact, he expected the Center to lose money on the “experiment.” Nevertheless, the program still exists today as the one-week Summer School of Addiction Studies, now operated by the Center of Alcohol and Substance Abuse Studies in Smithers Hall [left, 1964] at Rutgers University—Busch Campus in Piscataway, New Jersey.

1945: The A.A. Grapevine published an article titled “History Offers Good Lessons for A.A.” [right] by C. H. K. from Lansing, Michigan, which discusses the Washingtonian movement. This article likely served as the original source for Bill W.’s early understanding of the Washingtonians and clearly influenced his thoughts. This is evident in his subsequent article, “Editorial Squabbles,” published the following month, which directly references the previous month’s piece.

1946: Ricardo “Dick” [left] and Helen P. traveled from Cleveland, Ohio, to New York City to “have the pleasure of delivering our work [a Spanish translation of Alcoholics Anonymous] to Bill W――.”
    Dick had sobered up in 1940, while living illegally in Cleveland, Ohio, after reading about Rollie H. [near right] in the Cleveland Plain Dealer [far right: typical article about Rollie]. In 1943, Helen “got the idea that maybe if the Big Book was in Spanish, it would be easier for other Mexicans who don’t understand or speak English to recover.” From 1943 to 1946, they worked on the translation in their spare time. Dick wrote:

    My wife already had an old typewriter. We sent it out to be fixed. We worked on the translation using several dictionaries, an encyclopedia and several other books. We usually did this work at nights and on the weekends. Thank God, little by little this adventure was finished at the beginning of 1946. My wife and I took the translation and the Big Book to the college professor, Mary Coates, so that she could do a detailed revision of our work and correct style and grammatical errors.… [Bill] told us that our translation of the AA Big Book into Spanish was the first translation ever done into a foreign language. [Note: quoted translation from Spanish by Jim W. of Cancún, Quintana Roo, Mexico.]

July in A.A. History—day unknown

1935: [Summer] Encouraged by T. Henry Williams [left], Ernie G. [right], the “devil-may-care chap” from “A Vision for You” (pages 158–159 of Alcoholics Anonymous), sought help from Dr. Bob S. and got sober. At 30, some considered him “too young,” yet he became the fourth member of A.A. However, he was unable to maintain his sobriety and relapsed for seven months. He chronicled his experience in “The Seven Month Slip” in the first edition of the Big Book, Alcoholics Anonymous.
    In September 1941, Ernie married Dr. Bob S.’s adopted daughter, Sue. However, his ongoing struggle with alcohol led to a disastrous marriage. Tragically, on 11 June 1969, their daughter Bonna would take her own life after killing her 6-year-old daughter, Sandy, who was Ernie and Sue’s granddaughter. Ernie would die exactly two years later [left: Ernie and Sue in happier times].

1935: [August?] In Akron, Ohio, Lois W. joined her husband, Bill, for a two-week stay at the home of Dr. Bob and Anne S., located at 855 Ardmore Avenue [left]. Bill had been in Akron since at least April and had been residing with Bob and Anne since late May [right: Bob, Anne, Lois and Bill, mid-late 1930s].

1937:  James “Jim” S. [right] was working at the Middlebury Book Shop in Akron, Ohio, when he received a call to visit a hospitalized friend, likely at Akron City Hospital. This friend, probably Earl T. [left] (author of “He Sold Himself Short” in the second edition of Alcoholics Anonymous), had previously worked with Jim and had been hospitalized for alcoholism. Despite still recovering himself, he insisted Jim visit him, already demonstrating a desire to help others.
    A few days later, another man came to Jim’s bookstore to discuss a recovery plan and invite him to a meeting. Jim, however, maintained that he was doing well and staying sober. Unfortunately, he soon succumbed to another drinking binge, which continued until his previously hospitalized friend picked him up and brought him to the hospital.
    During this period, Jim may have lost his job at the bookstore. One account suggests Dr. Bob S. found him on Skid Row, selling hair oil and panhandling. Jim, however, stated he did not meet Dr. Bob until he was already in the hospital.
    Jim was described as “tall and skinny, and a real lone wolf.” He had previously worked in Akron as a reporter and editor for Goodyear Tire’s company newsletter, Wingfoot Clan. He became the first Australian—having been born in Tasmania [right]—to achieve sobriety in Alcoholics Anonymous. His story, “Traveler, Scholar, Editor,” appeared in the first edition of Alcoholics Anonymous; it was retitled “News Hawk” in the second and third editions.

1941: Florida’s first A.A. group, formally organized in Miami [left: Miami Beach, 1942] in April, reported a membership of 10. Frank P., Joe T., and Roger C. had started the group seven months earlier, recruiting Carl C. and Charlie C. A series of newspaper articles about A.A. brought in the other members.

July 8 in A.A. History

1980: [Some sources cite July 10] Helen W. Evans [near right: at age 16, in 1931], Bill W.’s half-sister and the first paid employee of the A.A. Grapevine, died of cancer at the age of 64 in Tucson, Arizona [far right: obituary].

July in A.A. History—day unknown

1922: Lois Wilson [left, 1925] experienced her second ectopic pregnancy, where a fertilized egg develops outside the uterus—in her case, in a fallopian tube. The first had occurred just a month before in her other fallopian tube, and her father, Dr. Clark Burnham [near right, 1917], had treated her at home. This time, he promptly sent her to the Skene Sanitarium [far right, 1909±2], where he was on staff. A colleague performed the surgery, and Lois then went to her family’s camp on Emerald Lake in Vermont to recover under her father’s care.
    Unfortunately, her condition worsened instead of improving. Despite feeling increasingly unwell, she missed home and pretended to be getting better until Dr. Burnham “let” her go home.
    Once home, her husband Bill kept her in bed for several weeks. Concerned about her deteriorating health, he consulted Dr. Leonard Strong [left], his brother-in-law, who realized that a cyst had formed on what remained of her ovary. Lois returned to the surgeon who had operated on her, but he only conducted a “cursory examination” and prescribed a laxative for what he assumed was constipation.

    Knowing better, Bill contacted Dr. Burnham, who quickly took a train back from Vermont and readmitted Lois to the Skene Sanitarium. There, the cyst was removed, and she began to recover rapidly.
    Lois would suffer a third and final ectopic pregnancy the following May.

1934: Bill and Lois W. returned to their Brooklyn home after spending another month at the Strong’s farm in Green River, Vermont. Upon their return, Bill resumed his heavy drinking [right: recent map showing, south to north, Brooklyn, NY; Green River, VT; and East Dorset/Emerald Lake, VT (all in gold)].

1934: In Manchester, Vermont, Ebby T. [left, c. 1922±2] was approached by his friends Cebra Graves [near right], a lawyer, and F. Sheppard “Shep” Cornell [far right], a New York City stockbroker. Both were members of the Oxford Group and had previously been heavy drinkers—specifically, drinking buddies with Ebby. Now sober, they told Ebby about the Oxford Group, but he wasn’t quite ready to give up alcohol.

1934: Bill W. [far left, 1930s] was admitted to Charles B. Towns Hospital [near left] for the second time, his brother-in-law, Dr. Leonard V. Strong [near right], again covering the cost. During this stay, Bill met Dr. Silkworth [far right] for the first time. Dr. Silkworth explained the concepts of obsession and allergy as they related to alcoholism. However, Bill resumed drinking shorly after his release. At this point, he was unemployable, drinking around the clock, and suicidal, having accumulated over $50,000 in debt [~$1¼ million in 2026].

July 7 in A.A. History

2023: Mongolian A.A. celebrated its 25th anniversary with a hybrid meeting, both in-person and online, at Steppe Arena [left] in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia [right: inside the arena during the celebration]. A speaker at the event highlighted the organization’s achievements:

    Today, Mongolian AA is a non-governmental organization registered in Mongolia that serves its members and has about 3,000 members and 172 registered groups. We are a society registered with the World AA General Service Office, and we have a General Service Board consisting of two Class A or Non-Alcoholic Trustees and seven Class B or A.A. Trustees as outlined in the New Service Manual, Annual Service Conferences, 2-yearly National Conferences, and 5-yearly International Conferences [translated from Mongolian].

July in A.A. History—day unknown

1921: Unemployed and directionless, Bill W. was, according to his wife Lois, “restless and his drinking increased” [all quotes are from Lois Remembers]. Lois, an occupational therapy aide for the Red Cross at Brooklyn Naval Hospital [far left: exterior, 1940s; near left: a group nurses at the hospital, 1920], used her vacation time to embark with Bill on a camping trip. They hiked along the 300-mile Long Trail^* [right: map] , which traces the peaks of Vermont’s Green Mountains—a trail Lois’s father and brother had helped clear. For Lois, trips like these were a chance to “think things over” and encourage Bill to moderate his drinking.
    During this particular trip, Bill resolved to attend law school. His grandfather, who had raised him since age 11, had always wanted him to be a lawyer. Though Bill was “not sure he wanted to be an attorney,” he believed that “knowledge of the law would always be useful.” Upon their return, Bill enrolled in night classes at Brooklyn Law School [left: Brooklyn Eagle Building, home of Brooklyn Law School, 1923], a division of St. Lawrence University. He continued his studies for four years. Lois later recounted, “After paying the fifteen-dollar fee [~$294 in 2026] for his diploma [in 1924], he was too drunk to leave the apartment the next day to pick it up. He never bothered to get it. It could still be there.”
    However, Lois’s memory was not entirely accurate. David G. Trager, Dean of Brooklyn Law School from 1983 to 1993, reviewed Bill’s records from the early 1920s. He found that Bill failed a course on Executors and Administrators (concerning wills, estates, and trusts) in his final term in 1924. Although he returned in the fall to retake the course, he ultimately left the law school without completing the required examination, rendering him ineligible for a diploma. (New York state law does, however, allow individuals with at least one year of law school to take the bar exam after completing three years of law office study under the supervision of a practicing attorney or judge.)

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^*The Long Trail, constructed from 1910 to 1930, follows the main ridge of the Green Mountains from Massachusetts to Canada. It is the oldest long-distance trail in the United States and later inspired the creation of the Appalachian Trail.