April 25 in A.A. History

1913: Burr and Burton Seminary staged A Midsummer-Night’s [sic] Dream at the Union Opera House, then situated on the second floor of what is now Factory Point Place on Main Street in Manchester Center, Vermont. The production’s playbill [right] lists several cast members whose names will be familiar to students of A.A. history:

Theseus, the Duke of Athens	William W—– [still deeply depressed over Bertha Bamford’s death]
Demetrius (In love with Hermia)	John Jackson [Constable who, in 1934, brought Ebby before Judge Graves when he drunkenly shot at pigeons]
Bottom, a Weaver	Edwin T—– [Ebby]
Hippolyta, Queen of the Amazons	Esther Graves [Judge Graves’ daughter, Cebra’s sister]
Helena, (In love with Demetrius)	Dorothy W—– [Bill’s sister, would marry Dr. Leonard Strong]

1939: Morgan R. [left], a former advertising executive, asylum patient, and friend of the host, appeared for 3 minutes on Gabriel Heatter’s 9 pm radio show, We the People, in New York City. During his segment, Ryan shared his personal story and pitched the book Alcoholics Anonymous. Heatter commented that if even one person was helped by the story, it would be a real service.
    In the days leading up to the broadcast, Morgan had been confined to a room to ensure his sobriety for the show. Concurrently, Bill W. and Hank P. raised $500 [~$11,900 in 2026] to send 20,000 postcards to doctors east of the Mississippi River, announcing the upcoming broadcast. Despite these efforts, the promotion yielded only 12 responses, with just 2 of them being book orders [near right: postcard; far right: enclosed order form].

2010: The Hallmark Hall of Fame premiered When Love Is Not Enough: The Lois W―― Story on CBS. Starring Winona Ryder and Barry Pepper as Lois and Bill, the film was based on William G. Borchert’s book of the same name [far left: book cover; near left: video capture].

Today in A.A. History—April 25–29

1962: The 12th General Service Conference was held at the Roosevelt Hotel [right: marquee and entrance] in New York City. Advisory Actions, all unanimous, included:

• Recommends that the report on Long Range translation needs be adopted as follows: [9 specific points of criteria].
• Accepts the recommended budget as presented by the Finance and Budgetary Committee of the General Service Board.
• An Internationalist be selected by their group to attend the Annual meeting of the General Service Conference as an Observer without vote, starting in 1963.

April 24 in A.A. History

1989: Dr. Leonard V. Strong, Jr. [right], 90, died of pneumonia at McKerley Health Care Center in Rutland, Vermont. He had married Dorothy, the sister of Bill W. From 1938 to 1949, he had served as a Class A (non-alcoholic) Trustee for Alcoholics Anonymous, first on the Alcoholic Foundation Board and subsequently on the General Service Board. For the rest of his life, he was Trustee Emeritus.

Today in A.A. History—April 24–28

1963: The 13th General Service Conference was held at the Hotel Roosevelt [left, 2008] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

• That in an Area where Delegates have been chosen by two A.A. service entities, the Area’s representation in the Conference… be deferred until the Area… is able to select a single Delegate.^*
• Approved the admission to the Conference… of a second Delegate from the Province of Quebec… [to serve] French-speaking group in the Province.
• Viewed “with favor” possible increased participation by overseas A.A. units in General Service Conferences and recommended that a study of factors be made by G.S.O.
• [Denied] the request that a representative of the Young People in A.A. be permitted to attend the General Service Conference as an Observer.
• “Partners,” when revised be retitled [sic] “The Group Handbook” with subtitle, “How the A.A. Group Starts and Grows.”
• Recommends a joint meeting of the GSB and Conference Finance Committees be held in October or November. Also that this be extended to other Committees as deemed necessary.
• [Established a number of committees to plan the 1965 International Convention.] 
• More that $6,500 has been collected in Canada for the [International Convention] Guarantee Fund;…  the GSB [put aside] $6,500 from the General Fund… representing… [their] share…  of the Guarantee Fund [to cover any losses resulting from that Convention.

Bill Wilson spoke about group conscience in his talk titled “A.A. Takes Its Inventory”:

    I think that we have developed almost a fetish that there is some terrific infallibility in the group conscience, and I would like to modify it to this extent: that when the group conscience is thoroughly informed, and when experience backs a decision or conclusion it has reached, and when it isn't too mad or too fearful, it can be (and almost always is) supremely wise as to the best interest of Alcoholics Anonymous.

---

^*The Chicago Area (19) had two such Delegates. Both were invited to meet with the Conference Admissions Committee at their own expense.

Today in A.A. History—April 24–29

1973: The 23rd General Service Conference was held at the Hotel Commodore [right, c. 1940] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

• That Conference Committee Secretaries… serve in an advisory capacity only, and… not… vote.
• In declining to approve the [Agenda/Admissions] committee recommendation, the Conference voted that Quebec be allowed a fourth delegate.
• [Denied a recommendation] that the Agenda/Admissions Committee participate, as a committee, in the final approval of suggested agenda items and their distribution to the various committees, etc., and no longer be restricted to just “making recommendations.”
• The Unity declaration be added to all A.A. literature when feasible and economical…
• Any A.A. member’s evaluating another A.A. member is totally in opposition to our Traditions.
• That the money in the Bill W―― Memorial Fund be transferred to the General Fund as expeditiously as possible.^*

---

^*These were unsolicited funds voluntarily sent following Bill’s death by A.A. members and Groups to GSO to do “something” to commemorate him. As of year-end 1972, the accumulated value had reached $39,755 [~$314,000 in 2026].

Today in A.A. History—April 24–30

2022: At the 72nd General Service Conference, held at the Park Central Hotel [left, 2012] in New York City, COVID wreaked havoc, although this was the first face-to-face Conference in since 2019. Two sitting Area delegates were replaced by alternates at almost the last minute. Some G.S.O. employees who had been working on Conference preparations had to go into quarantine after contracting the virus. After the Conference started, Conference members, more G.S.O. employees, and Conference guests began to get sick. As the Final Report put it:

    At least 25 people [were] infected by the end of the week and closer to 50 in the days following the Conference. With no no established protocols or plans in place to address the expanding infection rate, a series of ad hoc procedures were adopted to keep Conference members in the loop of the Conference itself. Recognizing Concept IV and the need to develop a means of communication for those Conference members quarantined in the hotel or who had chosen to leave the Conference over Covid concerns, an audio link was established to provide access to the deliberations of the Conference, though the full participation of these Conference members for discussion, voting and minority opinion was not possible.
Further complicating matters… the hotel had no room service capabilities.…
Another issue…, especially as brought to the fore by the pandemic, [was] the growth, importance and representation of online groups and meetings.

Advisory actions included:

• [That] the… Board develop a… report on the progress and outcomes from the 2013–2015 Conference inventory and include a draft plan for another Conference inventory… to be brought back to he 2023 Conference Committee on Agenda.
• [A]ll Conference… background be made available simultaneously in English, French and Spanish.
• Chapters [8–12] of The A.A. Service Manual be revised to correct inaccuracies and to provide clarity and consistency. 

April 23 in A.A. History

1940: Dr. Bob S. declined royalties from sales of the book Alcoholics Anonymous in a letter to the Alcoholic Foundation trustees. However, Bill W. insisted that both Bob and his wife, Anne, receive royalties, primarily to recognize their leadership rather than their contributions to the book’s writing. Hank P., the only other significant author of the non-story sections, had been “squeezed out” after he resumed drinking, which likely fueled his growing resentment toward Bill.

1947: Leonard V. Harrison, then Director of New York City’s Bureau of Public Affairs (as well as Chairman of the Alcoholic Foundation Board of Trustees), had written a letter to The New York Times, which published it [right]. It read, in part:

    Mayor O’Dwyer’s recommendation for introducing a motorized vacuum cleaner combined with street sprinkler equipment, as reported in The New York Times, represents a forward step in the direction of modern sanitation methods and the protecton of the public health.

1963: Bill W. wrote to Sam Shoemaker [left]:

    You must remember, Sam, that you were the personification here in New York of all the best that went on in Calvary and in the O.G. [Oxford Group] of A.A.’s early days. Your impact on me, and upon some of our other people, was simply immense.… It is also entirely true that the substance of A.A.’s Twelve Steps was derived from the O.G.’s [Oxford Group’s] emphasis on the essentials and your unforgettable presentation of this material time after time.…
    The Twelve Steps of A.A. simply represented an attempt to state in more detail, breadth, and depth, what we had been taught—primarily by you. Without this, there could have been nothing—nothing at all.
    Certainly there were other indispensable contributions without which we should have probably gotten no place. But none of these were so large or so critical as your own. Though I wish the ‘cofounder’ tag had never been hitched to any of us. I have no hesitancy in adding your name to the list!”

2018: The A.A. Grapevine, Inc. launched a YouTube channel [right] with three videos: “Doors,” “At the Printer,” and “Printer Cutter.”

Today in A.A. History—April 23–26

1953: At the 3rd General Service Conference was held at the Hotel Roosevelt [left, 2008] in New York City, the Board of Trustees reported that “the name of Works Publishing, Inc. has been changed to ‘Alcoholics Anonymous Publishing, Inc.’”
    Advisory Actions included:

• That Alcoholics Anonymous… not [seek to] incorporate [by Act of Congress].
• [Develop] a new pamphlet for young alcoholics, including a few personal… stories.
• No policy should be declared or action taken on matters liable to gravely affect A.A. as a whole unless by consent of at least three-quarters of the members present.
• That the Board of Trustees… choose the area from which a Trustee [comes] and… the qualifications the prospective Trustee should possess. This Conference… expresses its complete confidence in, and appreciation of, the ability of the Board to act in this matter.
• That the Board of Trustees be authorized to provide part-time compensation for the President of… Alcoholics Anonymous Publishing, Inc. or in any other situations, as needed.
• The the Board of Trustees recommend a new name for The Alcoholic Foundation using “Alcoholics Anonymous” coupled with a suitable word, that word not to be “international.”

Today in A.A. History—April 23–27

1952: The 2nd General Service Conference was held at the Hotel Commodore [right, c. 1940] in New York City. Advisory Actions, all unanimous, included:

• That Conference Committee Secretaries… serve in an advisory capacity only, and… not… vote.
• Reaffirm the stand taken by the 1951 Conference as follows: “This conference has no desire to review, edit, or censor non-Foundation mate-
  rial. Our object is to provide, in the future, a means of distinguishing Foundation literature from that issued locally or by non-A.A. interests.”
• The pamphlet “Sedatives” be given first priority in issuance of revisions of existing pamphlets.

1958: The 8th General Service Conference of Alcoholics Anonymous was held at the Prince George Hotel [left, c. early 2000s] in New York City. Area Delegates included one from Alaska and one from Puerto Rico. 
    Two advisory actions of interest were:

• That Area 9 (Mid-Southern California) be recognized.
• That A.A.…
  
  recognize the original use of the word ‘honest’ before ‘desire to stop drinking’ and its deletion from the Traditions as part of the evolution of the A.A. movement. Any change to be left to the discretion of A.A. Publishing, Inc.
  
  This was with regard to a proposal to…
  
  change the wording of the so-called “Grapevine description” of the movement [i.e., the Preamble] so that this conforms with the third Tradition in omitting the word “honest.”

    That summer, the Board would vote to remove “honest” from the Preamble.

1990: The 40th General Service Conference was held at the Omni Park Central Hotel [right, 2012] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

• The A.A. History book project continue… the time frame covered be expanded to include 1955 [on].
• The manuscript of the daily reflections book be approved with the following specific changes…
• The proposal for a pamphlet on the spiritual aspects of A.A. not be approved.
• [That] a standing committee for central and intergroup offices not be formed…
• [Revise] the Twelve Concepts section in The A.A. Service Manual,… the short form of Concepts as the “Table of Contents,” followed by the long form and introduction.
• [That] items discussed, but no action taken or recommendation made,… committee recommendations which are not adopted, be included in a separate section in the Conference Final Report.
• [Denied] a request from ICYPAA that a member of their advisory council be allowed to attend the General Service Conference as an observer.
• [Denied a Delegate request] that the resumes of nominees for… trustee[s] be sent to all delegates.

Today in A.A. History—April 23–29

1989: The 39th General Service Conference was held at the Omni Park Central Hotel [above right] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

• [To not] send complete audited financial statements to each delegate as soon as they are available has not been demonstrated, but that they will be made available upon request (available about April 1st, each year).
• [That] the Grapevine develop an ongoing A.A. history section,… including area and regional histories.
• [That] work continue on a … book on A.A. History from 1955, [that] focuses on major events and developments [since then] rather than focusing on the beginning of A.A. and the history of the 91 areas…
• … “The A.A. Group” be thoroughly revised to address the many issues and concerns related to A.A. groups which come before the committee year after year such as: the difference between a group and a meeting; meeting formats; how to obtain a group conscience; the duties of trusted servants and their alternates; and others as described in an outline of contents submitted by the trustees’ Literature Committee.
• A pamphlet for gay and lesbian alcoholics be approved… the title be “A.A. and the Gay/Lesbian Alcoholic.”
• [That] General Service Conference committee items discussed, but no action taken or recommendation made, not be included in the Final Report.
• Rectify contradictions and inconsistencies between The AA. Service Manual and legal charters and by-laws.

2006: The 56th General Service Conference was held at the Crowne Plaza [left] Times Square in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

8. The word “donation” be replaced with the word “contribution” in A.A.W.S. literature as it comes up for reprint.
12. The pamphlet “A.A. for the Native North American” be revised.
13. The word “largely” be added to the 2nd sentence, 2nd paragraph of the preface to the 4th Edition of the Big Book on p. xi, so that the sentence reads:

“Therefore, the first portion of this volume, describing the A.A. recovery program, has been left largely untouched in the course of revisions made for the second, third, and fourth editions…”

14. The word “largely” be added to the 2nd sentence, 1st paragraph in the Introduction to the book, Experience, Strength, and Hope, on p. ix, so that the sentence reads:

“ln all four editions, the first 164 pages have remained largely unchanged…”

17. The pamphlet “Letter to A Woman Alcoholic” be discontinued.
24. The section “Marital Status” in the A.A. membership survey be retitled “Domestic Status” and revised to 4 options:

☐ Married
☐ Single
☐ Divorced
☐ Other (please specify) ________

25. The option “Internet” be added to the 2007 membership survey under Question 11 (“Please indicate no more than two of the following entities that you feel were most influential in your decision to come to your first A.A. meeting”).
28. The graphic, “Service Structure Inside the A.A. Group,” as it appeared in the 1998–99 edition of The A.A. Service Manual, be restored in Chapter Two.
36. The 2006 revised Bylaws of the General Service Board of Alcoholics Anonymous, Inc., be approved.
37. The 2006 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the General Service Board, be approved.

2017: The 67th General Service Conference was held at the Hilton Westchester [right] in Rye Brook, New York. Advisory Actions included:

1. In the spirit of unity and inclusiveness, G.S.O. strive to provide Conference background materials in English by February 15 and Spanish and French by the first week in March, beginning with the 68th Conference.
3. A.A. Grapevine, Inc. create a Google for Nonprofits account, with use of the account limited to the YouTube Nonprofit Program and with a guarantee that comments not be shown on the YouTube pages.
8. The pamphlet “Three Talks to Medical Societies by Bill W.” be retired.
23. The pamphlet “The A.A. Group” be revised to add the following three paragraphs from “Safety and A.A.: Our Common Welfare” (SMF-209) to the section “Principles Before Personalities”:

“Safety is an important issue within A.A.… For this reason, groups and members discuss the topic of safety,”

followed by

“For more information see ‘Safety and A.A.: Our Common Welfare’ (SMF-209) [at] www.aa.org.”

25. The 2018 General Service Conference move ahead with electronic voting to be used for all Conference voting, with the exception of elections for regional trustees and trustees-at-large, which are conducted by ballot.
26. The trustees’ Committee on the Conference develop a plan for the equitable distribution of the workload of Conference committees by combining and/or creating committees for review by the 2018 Conference Committee on Policy/Admissions.
34. Four paragraphs be added to chapter four of The A.A. Service Manual under the section head “Area Websites.”
35. The Bylaws of A.A. World Services, Inc. and A.A. Grapevine, Inc. be added to The A.A. Service Manual as appendices.
36. A new section on the General Service Board’s “Mission-Vision-Action Statement” be added to chapter nine of The A.A. Service Manual.
39. The pamphlet “A.A. for the Alcoholic with Special Needs” be approved with suggested changes and retitled “Accessibility for All Alcoholics.”
45. The Bylaws of the General Service Board., as revised, be approved at the annual meeting of the General Service Board in April 2017.

2023: The 73rd General Service Conference was held at the New York Marriott at the Brooklyn Bridge [left] in Brooklyn. Advisory Actions included:

• The G.S.B. is asked to undertake an inventory prior to the 74th G.S.C.. To assist the Board in this endeavor, the 73rd G.S.C. will establish a working group to aid the G.S.B. in formulating possible inventory questions.
• The G.S.C. conduct a thorough inventory of itself during the 2025 G.S.C. and that a Conference Inventory Planning Committee be established by the G.S.B. to develop a comprehensive plan.
• All materials produced and maintained by A.A. World Services, AA Grapevine, La Viña, and the General Service Office (GSO), each item comes up for reprint or revision, clarify that the General Service Board is the entity which receives all voluntary A.A. contributions and that GSO performs contribution processing.
• The Trustees’ Finance and Budgetary Committee develop additional ways to report quarterly the fiscal performance of the AAWS, GSB and GV Boards throughout the year to the members of the GSC for the purposes of transparency and reporting to the A.A. Fellowship.
• Work on the draft pamphlet based on A.A.’s Three Legacies cease; material gathered be used as service material.
• Amended “Process for Polling the General Service Conference Between Annual Meetings Using Virtual Technology.”
• Chapters 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 be re-written to correct inaccuracies and to better clarify the roles, responsibilities and relationships between the GSO, AA Grapevine, and A.A.W.S. in The A.A. Service Manual.

April 22 in A.A. History

1957: Broadcasting Telecasting magazine, known as “The Business-weekly of Radio and Television” [right: masthead], published a brief item titled “‘Mr. Hope’ on WWJ-TV” [left], about a show airing in Detroit, Michigan. 
    The article described the program as follows:

… a public service program instituted by WWJ-TV, which describes the plight of the problem drinker. Designed to tell the public about the work of Alcoholics Anonymous, Mr. Hope frequently features a panel of physicians and businessmen to discuss drinking problems and to encourage individuals with such difficulties to turn to the [sic] AA.

1974: Time magazine [right: cover] published a cover story titled “Alcoholism: New Victims, New Treatments,” stating:

    Most of the methods owe a large debt to Alcoholics Anonymous, the oldest, the big­gest (650,000 to 750,000 members) and still the most successful organization by far for helping alcoholics.… And, write Sociologists Harrison Trite and Paul Roman: “Despite lay leadership, A.A. has apparently achieved a success rate that surpasses those of professional therapies.”

    The issue also featured two related articles: “Behavior: The Effects of Alcohol” and “Behavior: The Price of Alcoholism: Five Case Histories.”

2004: Robert Holbrook “Smitty” S., Jr. [left], 85, the son of Anne and Dr. Bob S. died. He was the last living witness to the first meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous’ co-founders, his father and Bill W.

2012: Ruth O., 97, of Toms River, New Jersey, died with 68 years and 8 days of sobriety. At the time of her death, she may have had the longest period of continuous sobriety of any member to date. Well-known for her “Ruth’s Prayer” [right], she also knew and assisted Dr. William D. Silkworth, who authored the letters in “The Doctor's Opinion” in the Big Book, Alcoholics Anonymous.

2022: Нэргүй архичин үйлчилгээний гарын авлага (The Mongolian A.A. Service Manual), approved by the 13th Mongolian A.A. Conference, went into effect. Following this, the Mongolian General Service Board elected Tseegii to represent Mongolia at the World A.A. Service Meeting in October.

Today in A.A. History—April 22–24

1949: The Second Annual Tri-State (West Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado) Conference of Alcoholics Anonymous took place in Amarillo, Texas. The Herring Hotel [left, 1940], 311 SE 3rd Ave., served as the conference headquarters, with additional events held at the Washington Club, located at 2024 [S.] Washington St. [right: front of program].

Today in A.A. History—April 22–27

1968: The 18th General Service Conference was held at the Roosevelt Hotel [left, 2008] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

• To conduct a survey among A.A. members in order to gather more meaningful information regarding the effectiveness of the A.A. program of recovery.
• The first World Service Meeting be held in New York City, in the fall of 1969.
• Approved a proposition to issue the World Directory in two editions—one for the United States and Canada, the second for other countries.
• Quebec be granted a third bilingual Delegate to be elected as a member of Panel 19. The… newly designated Conference area to be called the Northeast area of Quebec.
• Since the language of the General Service Conference is English, and since [it] is not equipped to provide translators,… it is desirable that Delegates elected to the Conference should have knowledge of English for their own benefit and for the benefit of their areas.
• Stressed the need for better communication between the Delegates, Committee Members, G.S.R.’s [sic] and groups, pointing out that better informed groups will support G.S.O. without the need of a “hard sell” from the Delegate.

1974: The 24th General Service Conference was held at the Hotel Roosevelt [above left] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

• That in memory of A.A.’s co-founders, the last talk of each be prepared in pamphlet form and distributed [left: original pamphlet].
• Part I (U.S. and Canada) of the World Directory be divided into three sections, each section subdivided by region…
• Work be scheduled so that Part II of the World Directory (all other countries) may be distributed before summer.
• [Citing Tradition 3,] affirmed that all A.A. groups… be listed in the World Directory [R]eview and return completed draft of Conference Report one week after its receipt.
• Committee members receive agendas for their committee only, but other committees’ agenda be sent upon request.
• The wording of the Eleventh Tradition remain as is, and that delegates explain that “TV” is implicit in the last phrase of the Tradition: “… at the level of press, radio, and films.”

Today in A.A. History—April 22–28

1979: The 29th General Service Conference was held at the Hotel Roosevelt [above left] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

• That the names of “alcohol and pills” groups not be listed in the A.A. directories.
• [That] “Problems Other Than Alcohol” be Conference-approved.
• The Twelve Steps of A.A. be [added] in the pamphlet “Too Young?”…
• The pamphlet for the older alcoholic be approved… “Now It’s Time to Start Living”.…
• The biographies of Dr. Bob and Bill W. be… separate books [vs] a joint biography.
• [That] no… ceiling be set on the number of G.S.O./GV staff eligible to vote, but that the delegates never have less than 66⅔% of the total Conference votes.

2001: The 51st General Service Conference was held at the Roosevelt Hotel [above left] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

4. If the Reserve Fund exceeds the 12-month upper limit we allow a one year to review the Reserve Fund level, and a second year to formulate actions to reduce the Reserve Fund below its maximum.
5. La Viña continue to be published by the A.A. Grapevine, Inc. as a service to the Fellowship.
6. La Viña continue to be published utilizing A.A. Grapevine, Inc. resources to achieve efficiencies in production and distribution.
9. The Fourth Edition of the Big Book, Alcoholics Anonymous, be approved, while the Publications Dept. follow specific editorial responsibilities:
• Editorial 'fine tuning' such as footnotes, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, updating, jacket materials, page numbers, etc.
• G.S.O. editors prepare or coordinate new material and changes such as: 
New Material: cover and jacket design, jacket copy, Preface, Foreword to the Fouth Edition.
Changes: title page, contents page, factual material in footnotes, introductions to personal stories.
12. The Twelve Concepts (short form), with a brief introduction, be added to the Appendices Section in future printings of the Big Book.
13. G.S.O.’s A.A. Web site address be added to the Appendix “How to Get in Touch With A.A.” in future printings of the Big Book.
14. The pamphlet “Can A.A. Help Me Too?—Black/African Americans Share Their Stories” be approved.
15. A pamphlet titled “A.A. for the Older Alcoholic—It’s Never Too Late” replace the pamphlet “Time to Start Living” be approved.
16. The pamphlet “A.A. for the Older Alcoholic—It’s Never Too Late” be  in 14 point type, large-print format only, to fit current literature racks.
23. Under “Third Legacy Procedure” in Chapter One, p. S21 of The A.A. Service Manual, the sentence
“At this point, balloting usually involves only the top two or three candidates”
be replaced with:
“At this point, the top two candidates remain. In case there are ties for first place, all tied first place candidates remain. In case there are no ties for first place, the top candidate and any tied second-place candidates remain.”
24. “Telephone A.A. meetings” that ask to be listed in A.A. Directories be added to the section “International Correspondence Meetings” on Page V under a section to be titled “Telephone Meetings.”

2007: The 57th General Service Conference was held at the Crowne Plaza [right] Times Square in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

7. On page 7, paragraph 3 of “Self-Support. Where Money and Spirituality Mix" (F-3), add “G.S.R. travel expenses to attend service functions” be added within the parentheses of “Once the basic group expenses have been taken care of (rent, refreshments, A. A. literature, local meeting lists)…”.
9. The following text from The A.A. Service Manual be added to “The A.A. Group” and the “G.S.R.” pamphlets: “Financial Support: Current experience indicates that many groups provide financial support for their general service representativesto attend service functions.”
10. The title of the pamphlet “Black/African Americans Share Their Stories” be changed to “A.A. for the Black and African American Alcoholic.”
12. The Spanish-language Third Edition Big Book, Alcohólicos Anónimos, be produced, keeping in mind the 2004 Conference Advisory Action on contents, story selection, and process, as follows:
a) similar in page count to the English Fourth Edition Big Book.
b) undertake a complete review of the first 164 pages, Preface, Forewards, “The Doctor’s Opinion,” “Dr. Bob’s Nightmare," and Appendices for accuracy of translation and consistency of style and tone.
c) Personal stories should retain selected stories from the 2nd edition, from La Viña, and from Spanish-speaking members, and grouped into three sections similar to the English 4th edition.
23. On p. S29 of The A.A. Service Manual, replace
“ln the majority of areas, a district includes six to 20 groups. In metropolitan districts, the number is generally 15 to 20 groups, while in rural or suburban districts the number can be as small as five.”
with:
“The number of groups per district varies widely, from as few as five in a rural district to 90 or more in a metropolitan district. Population density and the geographic size of the district, which will affect the ability of the D.C.M. to communicate with the groups, would be key factors determining the number of groups a district will have.”
25. The Publications Dept. insert into The A.A. Service Manual the inverted triangle graphic that appears in the General Service Conference manual.
29. Election of trustees and officers left the General Service Board short one Class B regional trustee.
32. ln accord with the G.S.B. Bylaws, the Board consider all eligible Class A (nonalcoholic) and Class B (alcoholic) trustees when selecting their Chair.
33. Amend the April 2006 Bylaws of the G.S.B. to read:
“In the case of a Class B trustee, the maximum term of service of such successor member trustee shall be limited to that number of one-year terms which would result in the term of service of the successor member trustee ending at the same time as the term of the replaced member trustee would have ended, if no vacancy had occurred and the replaced member trustee had served four successive one-year terms.”

2012: The 62nd General Service Conference was held at the Hilton Rye Town [left] in Rye Brook, New York. Advisory Actions included:

1. The Conference supports the G.S.B.’s developmentof a plan to restructure A.A. World Services, lnc. and A.A. Grapevine, Inc., corporate and governance structures. The plan may, among other things, address the separate corporate existenceof both entities, as well as issues of governance and operations.The plan will be designed to increase unity, better reach and connect the G.S.O. and Grapevine to the broader Fellowship while addressing financial stability. The plan will be submitted to the 63rd General Service Conference for approval prior to implementation.
5. Designated which inventory questions listed in the “INVENTORY PLAN” (approved by the 61st G.S.C.) be discussed in the 63rd, 64th, and 65th G.S.C.s.
14. The revised pamphlet “A.A. and the Armed Services” be approved.
15. The short form of the Twelve Concepts for World Service be added to the book As Bill Sees It.
16. The final revision of Living Sober, with changes to outdated language or practices, be approved with minor editorial changes.
26. All changes to The A.A. Service Manual be noted by changebars in the edition in which the change appears for the first time.
27. The following term and definition be added to The A.A. Service Manual in Chapter One, “Introduction to General Service,” in
the section titled “Glossary of General Service Terms”    :
"Rotation—the spiritual principle of sharing the responsibility for A.A. through changing leadership.”

2018: The 68th General Service Conference was held at the Crowne Plaza [above right] Manhattan in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

11. The 61st [sic] General Service Conference be held May 1-7, 2011 [sic].
22. The Online Intergroup of A.A. (OIAA) be listed in a new [sub-]section titled “Online Intergroups” under the section “lnternational Correspondence Meetings” in the A.A. Directories [above] the “Online Meetings” [sub-section].
25. Elections of trustees and officers of the General Service Board will leave the Board short one Class B (alcoholic) regional trustee.
28. Elections of directors of the A.A. Grapevine Corporate Board will leave the Board short one Class A (non-alcoholic) trustee.

April 21 in A.A. History

1939: Hank P. sent a letter to Janet Blair, the non-alcoholic editor of Alcoholics Anonymous in Peekskill, New York, to apologize for a long-overdue invoice for her services. The letter began:

    I know that excuses, etc [sic] do not pay bills. However, I do want you to know that we are all so ashamed of the way your bill is lagging behind.

    He also sent a separate package containing a copy of the book, its front flyleaf inscribed in his handwriting [right: product of author’s artistic license].

1946: In “The Sick Person We Call an Alcoholic,” an article [left] published in The New York Times Magazine, Mrs.^* Marty M., a member of Alcoholics Anonymous, “tells what we can do to help those who would quit but can’t.”

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^*The title “Mrs.” protected Marty, a lesbian, from the prevalent prejudice against homosexuality in the 1940s. Revealing her sexual orientation would have damaged both her and the National Committee for Education on Alcoholism, which she helped establish.

Today in A.A. History—April 21–25

1954: The 4th Annual General Service Conference was held at the Hotel Commodore [right, c. 1940] in New York City City. Advisory Actions included:

• That the Trustees be instructed to execute an appropriate instrument transferring the interest acquired by A.A. under this will [a bequest to The Foundation of Texas property with an estimated value of approximately $17,000 (~$209,000 in 2026)] proportionately to the other beneficiaries named by the deceased person.
• That the name The Alcoholic Foundation be changed to The General Service Board of Alcoholics Anonymous, Inc.
• That discounts on literature sales be discontinued, and equivalent amounts be added to the Prudent Reserve until it reaches $300,000 [~$3.7 million in 2026].
• That past delegates not participate in an enlarged Conference to decide the future of our Third Legacy in 1955.
• Approved a 20th anniversary meeting for all members (similar to the 1950 Cleveland meeting) to begin the day following the close of the ’55 Conference.
• That the offer of publication rights to Twenty-Four Hours a Day not be accepted.
• That A.A. Publishing not produce a pamphlet on the subject of “Religion and A.A.”
• Adopted two parts of a three-part proposal, “General Service Representative” plan:
  A. That the group representative described in the Third Legacy Pamphlet be designated “General Service Representative.”
  B. That in addition to electing an Area Committe (including Delegate), the GSR should
  (1) represent the group in General Service activities and
  (2) represent A.A’s General Services in the group.
• Consideration of the third part of the “General Service Representative” plan—consolidating items of G.S.C. material into a “General Service Handbook”—was tabled until 1955.
• That Delegates come to the Conference being only tentatively instructed because:
  (1) each Delegate brings to the Conference the thinking of his area, and
  (2) the wisdom of the Conference is best achieved and voted on through the exchange of these ideas.
• Suggested minimum group contributions to the G.S.B. be $2 [~$25.50 in 2026] per member per year, ideally sent quarterly.
• That during the five year period, all ex-Delegates remain on General Conference mailing list.
• No policy should be declared or action taken on matters liable to gravely affect A.A. as a whole unless by consent of at least three-quarters of the members present. 

Today in A.A. History—April 21–26

1964: The 14th Annual General Service Conference was held at the Roosevelt Hotel [left, 2008] in New York City. Advsory Actions included:

• Approved an agreement between Bill W. and A.A. World Services, Inc., covering royalties from Bill’s writings.
• Granted the request from the Assembly of the Atlantic Provinces that a second Delegate be admitted to the Conference.^*
• That Agenda committee members receive copies of all correspondence on agenda matters in which G.S.O. Staff Members and committee members are involved.
• That Agenda committee members be informed of the action taken on their recommendations to the Policy Committee.
• That Agenda committee members review background material on previous Conferences’ actions, as a guide in preparing recommendations for the 1965 Conference agenda.
• [That] the Board of Directors of the Grapevine and the General Service Board explore the possibilities of using Grapevine material in a French edition of the magazine.
• That Grapevine committee members be kept informed of all Grapevine matters of Conference importance.
• From the experience of the past International Conventions a realistic figure had to be developed in the Guarantee Fund—this was $13,000: The Board of Trustees guaranteed half of this—[a] $6,500 advance was needed. G.S.O. would accept 50% of any deficit that might occur. A letter was sent to the groups in Canada asking if they would contribute $100 to the Guarantee Fund; the Canadian share exceeded $8,000. The Convention, if financially successful, will return money from Guarantee Fund to donators [sic].

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^*The Atlantic Provinces were split into (1) New Brunswick/Prince Edward Island, and (2) Nova Scotia/Newfoundland.

1969: The 19th Annual General Service Conference was held at the Roosevelt Hotel [above left] in New York City. Advisory actions included:

• That the story of a young A.A. be added to the next reprint of the book Alcoholics Anonymous, and that the present stories be edited, when necessary, in order that current readers will be able to identify.
• That the General Service Conference approve the following resolution of the… General Service Board of Trustees:
  “We will endeavor to avoid participation on radio and TV programs, unless
  ◦     We are given adequate time for preparation.
  ◦     Our presence will serve an A.A. objective.
  ◦     The primary discussion is appropriate for A.A.—not concerned with crime, sex, controversy or any other sensationalism.
  ◦     We are satisfied our anonymity is guaranteed.”
• Approved the final draft of The A.A. Service Manual (a new revision of the Third Legacy Manual).
• [Added] to the Conference Charter:… Article 1… “…The Twelve Steps,” the sentence now to read: “…The [GSC] is the guardian of the world services, and of the Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions of Alcoholics Anonymous.” 
• Disapproved the proposal for a suggested change in electoral procedures for regional trustees which would increase the voting body to all delegates and eliminate the trustees from voting.

1975: The 25th Annual General Service Conference was held at the Hotel Roosevelt [above left] in New York City. Advisory actions included:

• A two-year moratorium (until 1977) be placed on discussion of special-purpose groups.
• A paragraph dealing with the problems of the use of mood-changing pills by A.A. members who hold group office should not be added to an appropriate A.A. pamphlet, because it was felt that this decision is up to local autonomy.
• Each delegate receive only the agenda pertinent to his or her committee, but may receive any others on request.

Today in A.A. History—April 21–27

1966: The 46th General Service Conference was held at the Crowne Plaza [right] in New York City. Advisory actions included:

• Approved “Washington State East Area 92” and “Western Washington State Area 72” as the new names for these areas.
• The [parts of the] title of the chart[s] on page[s] S23 [and S46] of The A.A. Service Manual be changed from “Struture of the Fellowship” to “The General Service Conference Structure (U.S. and Canada)” to more accurately describe what is depicted.

2002: The 52nd General Service Conference was held at the Crowne Plaza [above right] Manhattan in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

4. Approved the video Markings on the Journey.
7. Approved publication of an anthology titled Experience, Strength and Hope of the last-published versions of the 56 stories dropped from prior editions of the Big Book.
18. The sentence “Fundamentally, though, the difference between an electronic meeting and the home group around the corner is only one of format” be deleted in the last paragraph of the Foreword to the Fourth Edition of the Big Book.

2013: The 63rd General Service Conference was held at the Crowne Plaza [above right] Times Square in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

4. A commemorative 75th Anniversary Edition of the first edition, first printing of Alcoholics Anonymous be published.
17. Affirmed that the Internet, social media and all forms of public communications are implicit in the last phrase of the Short Form of Tradition Eleven, which reads: “… at the level of press, radio, and films.”
19. The error in “Leadership in A.A.: Ever a Vital Need” within the essay on Concept IX on p. 37, 5th paragraph, 3rd line reading “… badly disturbed or uniformed…” be corrected to “… badly disturbed or uninformed…” (Typo indicated by italics; this typo has existed since the first printing of Twelve Concepts for World Service).
22. The following text be added to Article 4 in the Current Conference Charter:

    “The Conference recognizes the principles contained within the Twelve Concepts, particularly the Right of Participation, and the Rights of Petition and Appeal reflected in Concepts IV and V. In keeping with these principles, the Conference may agree to hear Concept V Appeals brought by members of the Conference structure below the Conference level on the inverted triangle.”

April 20 in A.A. History

1936: Frank Buchman, founder of the Oxford Group, appeared on the cover of Time magazine [right]. However, the accompanying article was unfavorable, stating near its conclusion:

    Until a religion grows up, it is a cult. Buchmanism is about 20 years old, a mere infant in the range of religious history. It still rallies around one man and its methods are still highly unorthodox.

1941: Lois W. embarked on a six-week cruise to South America with Fan Williamson.
    Fan, a descendant of Albert V. Moore, the founder of Moore-McCormack Lines, Inc., had invited Lois as a thank you for helping her son, Chris. He had gotten sober while living with Bill and Lois at their home at 182 Clinton St. in Brooklyn. Lois described Fan as “kind and charming,” while Bill affectionately called her “Ironsides.” They had met Fan while staying at the Green Pond, New Jersey, cottage that Chris had lent them during their two years of homelessness, which began in April 1939 and was just ending. Fan and Lois were the only passengers on the ship, a freighter [left: the USS , a Moore-McCormack freighter that had sailed from New York City to South America and back around this time].
    Helen Griffith—who was not related to Bill—had just sold Bill and Lois a house in Bedford Hills, New York, on very generous terms, with the agreement effective May 1st. As this was also the departure date for Fan and Lois's cruise, Helen allowed them to move in early. They named the house “Bi-Lo’s Break.” Bill stayed there during Lois’s cruise, using only the fireplace for heat. He would catch a “bad cold,” which would lead to a near-disaster that Lois would only learn about when she returned.

1970: As he did every April, Bill W. [right] addressed the assembled General Service Conference delegates and many guests at the opening dinner held at the Hotel New Yorker in New York City. Bob H., the General Manager of the General Service Office at the time, later recalled what happened:

    He started to speak, and of a sudden he just stopped, right in the middle of the sentence. And he just stood there for a little bit, and then said, “I’m sorry. I can’t continue.” And he went and sat down. Everybody was really taken aback at this, because if there was one thing Bill could always do, it was speak—eloquently and articulately and persuasively.

Today in A.A. History—April 20–22

1951: The first experimental General Service Conference convened at the Hotel Commodore [left, c. 1940] in New York City, with 37 area delegates, 15 trus­tees, and 10 staff members from the Alcoholic Foundation Office and Grapevine. The Conference recognized that only half of the Areas were represented; as a result,

    Disposition of a number of problems was deferred until next year when representatives of the second panel will join the Conference.

Among the six advisory actions was this unanimously-approved one:

    [T]hat in future years A.A. textbook literature should have Conference approval.…

This was followed by a note:

    [T]his would not preclude the continued [printing of] documents by non-Foundation sources. No desire to review, edit or censor non-Foundation material is implied.

Today in A.A. History—April 20–24

1960: The 10th GSC convened at the Roosevelt Hotel [right, 2008] in New York City.
    The Board reported that A.A. Publishing, Inc. had been renamed A. A. World Services, Inc.
    “The Sense of the Meeting” report was titled “Need For Improved Internal and External Communications Was Dominant Theme.”
Advisory actions included:

• That A. A World Services undertake a thorough study of the immediate and long-range needs for A. A. literature in languages other than English.

Today in A.A. History—April 20–25

1970: The 20th General Service Conference convened at the Hotel New Yorker [left] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

• Passed a resolution of thanks to Lois for standing by Bill all these years.
• Asked the Chair of the G.S.B. to appoint a task force to look into conducing a Conference inventory [which he did before the Conference ended].
• Recommended that all Conference agenda subjects received during the year, where time permits, be referred to the AgendaIAdmissions Committee before presentation to the Policy and Board Committees for final approval.
• Asked delegates to determine if any obstacle exists in their areas which might create the idea that additional delegates are needed.
• Continued the moratorium on add new Delegate Areas until G.S.B.’s Long-Term Planning Committee presents a set of guideines for Conference approval.
• Reaffirms that the first names and last initials only be used in the Box 4-5-9 Digest and the Final Conference Report, except in the roster section.
• Rejected a request that Area Highlights only be presented by second-year Delegates.
• Recommended that a brief statement be prepared explaining why A.A. maintains anonymity at the media/film levels.
• Rejected recommendation that no delegate be eligible to be trustee until a full year after their delegate term ends.
• Recommended that the 75-mile (from New York City) limit on trustee-at-large candidates be rescinded.

    It was moved, seconded and unanimously approved that the 20th General Service Conference accept the [six] advisory actions of the first World Service Meeting.

Today in A.A. History—April 20–26

1980: The 30th General Service Conference was held at the Roosevelt Hotel [above right] in New York City. Advisory Actions included:

1. [Floor Action] Since neither the Panel 29 delegate from Northeastern Quebec (Area 89) nor the alternate is able to ttend this Conference, the area chairperson be seated.
2. [Floor Action] The pictures of Bill W. and Dr. Bob remain in the film A.A.—An inside View.
3. [Floor Action] The World Service Meeting report be approved as read.
4. [Floor Action] The archives filmstrip, “Markings on the Journey,” be Conference-approved.
5. [Floor Action] The 1981 General Service Conference be held from April 26 through May 2,1981.
8. Any factual or statistical information may be updated when ever practical—e.g., inventory runs low, new survey completed—without having to obtain Conference approval.
9. A.A. Guidelines may be produced or revised, when new information or other contingencies arise, at the discretion of the G.S.O. staff without Conference approval.
16. Members asked to videotape talks or meetings ought to preserve anonymity at public levels. It is also recommended that member talks be given in person, not videotaped, due to the temptation to place personality before principle.
33. That simultaneous translations in French, Spanish, and German be provided at no charge for the at the 1980 International Convention’s Big Meeting on Friday night and the Spiritual Meeting on Sunday morning.
35. The unedited manuscript of Dr. Bob and the Good Oldtimers be accepted.
36. The pamphlet from Great Britain entitled “A Newcomer Asks” be adopted and adapted.
37. The Responsibility Declaration not be changed.
38. Definition of “the slogans” not be added to As Bill Sees It.
39. A brief history not be added to As Bill Sees It.
40. Excerpts from the Grapevine and “The Best of Bill” not be added to As Bill Sees It.
[Unnumbered] A.A. has no need for a daily spiritual guidebook.
[Unnumbered] Rejected proposal to redesign As Bill Sees It in a dated, pocket-sized format.
60. All A.A. groups should be listed in the W; decisions regarding verification of “a true A.A. group” be resolved locally.
71. Retired G.S.O. and Grapevine staff should not be excluded from service on any our three Boards solely because of their past staff service.

1986: The 36th GSC convened at the Hotel Roosevelt [above right] in New York City.
    Three new Class A Trustees were elected to the Board, each bringing a record of service and experience in their fields: Dr. John Smith (public health), Amos Reed (corrections), and John King (social work) [right, respectively].
    Among the 81 Advisory Actions were:

• the Grapevine produce a trial tape in Spanish and a trial tape in French…;
• a definitive book on A.A. history from 1955-1985 be prepared…;
• as the preface to the Big Book clearly states that the text was written in 1939 and that it has not been changed, no further explanation regarding out-of-date phrases and/or gender-oriented pronouns or chapter titles is necessary;
• a story of a gay alcoholic not be included in the Big Book.