October 7 in A.A. History

	In 1903, test pilot Charles Manly attempted to make the first-ever manned flight, in Professor Samuel Pierpont Langley’s heavier-than-air craft, which was launched by catapult. Although it had been largely designed and built by others, Manly contributed to the design and engineering. The craft lacked landing gear and had controls only for pitch and yaw, but none for roll [left]. It plunged into the Potomac River “like a handful of mortar,” according to one reporter. Langley claimed that the crash resulted from a wing clipping part of the catapult.

    Seven-and-a-half years earlier, on 6 May 1896, Langley had launched—also from a catapult—the 25-pound [~11 kg] Aerodrome Number Five [right], a model which made two flights, one of 1,005 meters [~3,300 feet] and another of 700 meters [~2,300 feet] at 40 kph [~25 mph] landing in the water, as planned. This was 10 times farther than any previous heavier-than-air flying machine, making it the world’s first successful flight of an unpiloted, engine-driven, heavier-than-air craft of substantial size. Six months later, on 11 November, his Number 6 model flew more than 1,500 meters [>5,000 feet].
    In 1898, based on the successes, Langley received two War Department grants to develop a piloted airplane, totaling $70,000 [~$2.7 million in 2025] from the Smithsonian Institution, of which he was secretary (top executive).
    Langley would make a second attempt in December, which also would end in failure. Newspapers would mock the unsuccessful flights, and some members of Congress would harshly criticize the project. Remarkably, Manly would survive both crashes.
    The Big Book, Alcoholics Anonymous, makes reference to these events in “We Agnostics” (p. 51) [below: newpaper articles about and photos of these flights, the leftmost image by Alexander Graham Bell].

In 1978, the Finnish Alcoholics Anonymous Convention, which celebrated the 30th anniversary of A.A. in Finland, opened with several delegates in attendance from the 5th World Service Meeting held in Finland in the days prior.

		In 2009, The Red Book [far left: cover; near left: p. 119], a red leather‐bound folio manuscript created by the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung [right, c. 1905–15] between 1915 and about 1930, was published, in both German and English. Although The Red Book isconsidered a central work in Jung’s œuvre, the estate of Jung, who died in 1961, would not permit its publication prior to 2000, when they began instead to make preparations for its release.

    The book recounts and comments on Jung’s psychological experiments conducted between 1913 and 1916, drawing from earlier manuscripts—seven private journals—journals—known collectively as the Black Books [right], which he first drafted in 1913–15 and 1917.

October 6 in A.A. History

	In 1937, Paul [left] and Hildreth S. wrote to Bill and Lois W. [right, mid-to late1930s] about their upcoming visit to Akron, Ohio, on October 10. The letter said, in part:

Dr. S—— just told me that we are to expect a visit from you over the week-end, and that two other couples, the P–―s and the R–―—s, are coming with you. Needless to say, we are looking forward to this visit with a great deal of anticipation and pleasure, as are all the folks with whom we spend so much time…
    We have made arrangements for a little dinner party at our house on Sunday. There may be a few of us who will be tied up in a little meeting for an hour or so. Then we are planning on having an evening session at T. Henry [Williams]’s house after that.
    We hope we are not laying out a program that would seem to be too strenuous for you, but we feel certain that you will be amply repaid for the inconvenience that such a trip may cause by the pleasure that you will afford us by your coming.

In 1941, a dinner honoring Dr. Bob Smith [left], attended by 900 guests, was held in Cleveland, Ohio.

In 1944, the first A.A. meeting in Maine took place at Chan R.’s house in Cape Elizabeth [right: U.S.S. Constitution passes Portland Head Lighthouse in Port Elizabeth on 23 July 1931], attended by Chan, Jim M., Clint W., and one other person. Chan had become sober in Florida A.A. before relocating to Cape Elizabeth. Clint had written to the New York A.A. office for help; they referred him to Chan. Meanwhile, Jim M. from Newport, Maine, had attempted a geographic cure by moving in with his sister in Brooklyn, New York, but his drinking only worsened. In desperation, he contacted Kings County Hospital in 1942, and they directed him to A.A. He attended meetings in New York City for two years before returning to Newport in 1944.

October 5 in A.A. History

In 1943, The Bangor (Maine) Daily News published an interview with Jack Alexander titled “Writer Whose Saturday Evening Post Article First Made ‘Alcoholics Anonymous’ Known Tells Daily News of Early Skepticism” [right]. Here is an excerpt from the interview:

    “Four AA’s called to see me one afternoon,” he said. “They were well dressed and seemed affluent—apparently men of affairs. And as they sat drinking Coca-Cola, which was all they seemed to want, they talked smoothly of their own experiences.
    “Was I convinced? Far from it. My skepticism only grew. I remember thinking: ‘They could be Broadway actors from some casting bureau.’
    “I had talks with a man I will call Bill—a disarming guy, who, as I once wrote, knew the folklore of alcoholism. And, with him, I attended two meetings of an AA group in downtown New York—West 22nd Street, I believe. Here, anyway, were men it was easy to recognize as genuine alcoholics. And I learned that once a week they were bringing from a certain asylum for the insane some supposedly helpless inmates—sufferers from ‘wet brain’—and working on them. I learned, too, from asylum officials, that some were being cured.
    “Well, I was impressed—quite deeply impressed—but the skepticism remained. I didn’t want the Post victimized, intentionally or through a mistaken crusading spirit. And yet, and yet—
    “Was I being unjust? Was I trying to shut my eyes to something and big and vital and needed by suffering humanity? I decided to investigate in other cities.
    “I first drove to Philadelphia, where two AAs took me to the psychopathic ward of the Philadelphia General Hospital. I saw how the AAs worked upon the alcoholic patients, some of them shaken from tremendous ‘binges.’ When they got out, I was told, they would be taken to a general meeting, and it would be the start of their cooperative cure.
    “Deeply interested by this time, I next went to Akron, where the movement had started. And it was in this Ohio city, I believe, that I at last became convinced. Here I paid hospital visits, attended meetings, heard testimonials. I began to see that it all fell into a general pattern, whatever the community.
    “Followed, then, a visit to Cleveland, where the movement was growing like a snowball rolling down hill; and to Chicago, where my conversion was complete. For here I met a man who had been assistant city editor of a daily paper at a time when I was supposed to be the star reporter. He was a city editor now and getting along well. Yes, he had been an alcoholic: and he told me how he had walked through the shadows. We talked the same language and it was a language that didn’t lie.
    “The climax for me came in St. Louis, which is my home town. Here, in A. A. group meetings, I met old friends—school chums, some of them, Even I hadn’t guessed they were alcoholics, What they told me was convincing: I was sold, if ever a man was sold.”

In 1988, Lois Burnham W. [left], 97, Bill’s widow, died peacefully at Northern Westchester Hospital in Mt. Kisco, New York, near Stepping Stones, her home in Bedford Hills. She made significant contributions to Alcoholics Anonymous and was a founder of Al-Anon Family Groups. Michael Alexander, former Class A trustee and chairman of the General Service Board of Alcoholics said, “Many A.A.s today feel their lives are owed to Lois as well as Bill, Dr. Bob and Anne S—–.”

Today in A.A. History—October 5–7

In 1972, the 2nd World Service Meeting (WSM) took place at the Roosevelt Hotel in New York City. The theme was “Our Primary Purpose.” The meeting was attended by twenty-nine delegates from sixteen countries listed below, from across five continents, and included trustees and staff from the US/Canada General Service Office (GSO) and the A.A. Grapevine office:

Australia	Belgium	Canada	Columbia	Costa Rica
England	Finland	France	Germany	Guatemala
Holland	Ireland*	Mexico	New Zealand	Nicaragua*†
Norway	South Africa	Sweden	United States	England
*First-time attendees; struck-out = countries not returning; †represented Central America, including Costa Rica and Guatemala.

    Discussion topics included anonymity, the A.A. Grapevine, professional relations, publishing and literature policies, finance, and the service structures of the fifteen General Service Offices represented. For the first time, the delegates also addressed the internal organization and procedures of the WSM; their recommendations have been followed ever since, with certain amendments. However, the agenda items of greatest interest were likely the location and timing of the next World Service Meeting—if there was to be one—as well as financing and voting procedures.

In 1978, the 5th World Service Meeting (WSM) took place at the Hanasaari^* Hotel on Hanasaari Island [right], in Espoo, Finland, near Helsinki. The theme was “Recovery, Unity, Service—Worldwide.” The countries represented were:

Australia	Belgium	Brazil	Canada	Colombia
El Salvador	Finland	French Europe†	Guatemala	Honduras
Ireland	Mexico	New Zealand	Nicaragua	Norway
South Africa	Sweden	United Kingdom	United States	West Germany
†Delegates from Belgium and France represented all of French-speaking Europe.

    A proposal for an Asia-Oceania Service Meeting (AOSM) was introduced by Bob P. from New Zealand, who initially conceived the idea. This marked the beginning of discussions that ultimately led to the first AOSM meeting in Tokyo, Japan, in 1995.

---

^*Hanaholmen in Swedish, literally meaning “rooster-hen.”

October 4 in A.A. History

	In 1943, John Henry Fitzhugh “Fitz” M. [left], 46, died of cancer. He would be buried [right: headstone] on the grounds of Christ Episcopal Church in Owensville, Maryland, where his father had been pastor. He had been one of Bill W.’s first two sponsees in New York City and, when he had died, he was eight years sober.

     Fitz had run away from school to join the Army in World War I, registering for the draft on 24 August 1918, but the Armistice was signed the day he arrived in Atlanta to enlist. He had registered for the draft for World War II on 16 February 1942, and reported for military service on 12 September 1942. Shortly thereafter, he had been diagnosed with cancer, dying less than a month later. When Fitz’s good friend Jimmy B. died in 1974, he was buried in the same cemetery, a few feet away.
    Fitz’s story, “Our Southern Friend,” appears in all four editions of the Big Book, Alcoholics Anonymous.

October 3 in A.A. History

In 1945, Bill W. wrote a letter to the secretaries of more than 600 groups, announcing that the A.A. Grapevine had been adopted as the national periodical of Alcoholics Anonymous [right: announcement in the November 1945 issue of the A.A. Grapevine].

In 1973, M’Cready “James” H. [left], 82, died in Los Gatos, California. He had been a founder of Alcoholics Anonymous in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1940.
    He had worked as a teacher, a writer for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and the Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph, editor of the South Bend (Indiana) Times, contributor to humor magazines, and author of many short stories and at least thirteen books: Huling’s Quest (1925), The Big Show (1927), Dear Senator (1928), The King of Spain’s Daughter (1930), Salesman from the Sidelines (1932), The Family Meal Ticket (1933), Solid Citizen (1933), The Right People (1949), The Prodigal Brother (1952), Saving Grace (1954), The Gates of Brass (1956), The Clouded Fountain (1959), and The Platinum Yoke (1963).

In 2021, the first episode of the A.A. Grapevine, Inc. podcast, The Half-Hour Variety Hour, was released [right: 1st podcast as it appeared on the A.A. Grapevine website]. 

    The hosts, long-time A.A. members Don and Sam, introduced themselves to the listeners. Their guest was Michael M. from New York, whose story “We Showed Them” had been featured in the October 2021 issue of the A.A. Grapevine. For the previous four years, they had anonymously produced their own bi-weekly podcast about sobriety in A.A., called The Boiled Owl Coffee Club AA Recovery Podcast, from what they referred to as “The Boiled Owl Coffee Club” [left: former home page of their podcast]. This was a virtual location, as Don was in North Carolina and Sam was in California.

October 2 in A.A. History

	In 1944, the National Committee for Education on Alcoholism (NCEA), founded by Margaret “Marty” M. [left], opened a tiny office in the New York Academy of Medicine building [right] on E. 103rd Street in New York City. For the next four years, the office was staffed by Marty and a secretary. The budget for the the first year was $13,000 [~$239,300 in 2025].

    In 1950, the NCEA was renamed the National Council on Alcoholism (NCA), and in 1990, it became the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (NCADD).

	In 1958, CBS-TV aired a live production of “Days of Wine and Roses” on Playhouse 90 (season 3, episode 3). It starred Cliff Robertson [near left] as Joe Clay; Piper Laurie [middle left] as Joe’s wife Kirsten Arneson Clay; and Charles Bickford [far right] as Kirsten’s as Kirsten’s father, Ellis Arnesen. Alcoholics Anonymous cooperated in its making, as well as in that of the later movie version [right: scene from near the end of the Playhouse 90 production]. The story centers on Joe’s testimony at an A.A. meeting. It ends with Joe in recovery, while Kirsten continues to drink, abandoning Joe and their daughter.

October 1 in A.A. History

In 1941, local news organizations reported the establishment of the first Alcoholics Anonymous group in New Haven, Connecticut [right, c. 1944], which had actually formed 6½ months earlier, on March 15th.

In 2022, William “Bill” B. [left: with Lois W. near the end of her life], 89, died at his home in Stratford, Connecticut. He had been sober since 8 April 1962, and was a close friend of Lois W., Bill W’s wife, for the last 16 years of her life. 
    Bill began his career at the New York Journal-American newspaper and went on to work for several newspapers and magazines, as well as creating syndicated radio shows. In 1969, he founded Borchert-Barrett Associates, a public relations firm in New York City. Three years later, he became a partner in Artists Entertainment Complex, an independent film and talent management company that produced films such as Kansas City Bomber (1972), Serpico (1973), and Dog Day Afternoon (1975).
    In the community of Alcoholics Anonymous, Bill is best known as the screenwriter and author of the film My Name is Bill W. (1989), based on the true story of Alcoholics Anonymous co-founder Bill W.; he was nominated for an Emmy for this work. He later wrote a book about Lois, titled The Lois W―― Story: When Love Is Not Enough (2005). A CBS-Hallmark TV movie of the same name, based on his book, was released in 2010.
    Bill’s other books include 50 Quiet Miracles That Changed Lives (2009); 1,000 Years of Sobriety: 20 People x 50 Years, co-authored with Michael F., which tells the stories of twenty Alcoholics Anonymous pioneers from the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand (2010); When Two Loves Collide: The Inspiring Story of Dr. John and Dot Mooney (2013); and How I Became My Father … a Drunk (2015).
    Bill was a member of The Writers Guild of America and a long-time volunteer at Stepping Stones Foundation, the former home of Bill and Lois in Katonah, New York. He also served on the Board of Directors of Stepping Stones Foundation from 1997 to 2006.

September 30 in A.A. History

In 1939, Liberty magazine [near right: cover] published “Alcoholics and God” by Morris Markey [far right]. Bill W. thought the article “a bit lurid” and worried that the title would scare off alcoholics. The article generated “800 frantic inquiries,” all of which were answered by Ruth Hock. While letters arrived from across the U.S., only a few could be directed to the three existing groups in Akron, Ohio; Cleveland, Ohio; and New York City.

		Charles B. Towns [far left], proprietor of Towns Hospital, had encouraged Markey to write the piece. Liberty editor Fulton Oursler [near left], the author of The Greatest Story Ever Told, became a close friend of Bill and later served as a Class A [non-alcoholic] Trustee of the Alcoholic Foundation, A.A.’s headquarters (as it was then called) in New York City. He also became a member of the A.A. Grapevine editorial board.

In 1955, the Alcoholics Anonymous General Service Headquarters in New York City distributed a 6-page flyer titled “The Structure and Services of A.A.” [right: front cover], written by Frank B. It included the first service structure diagram and summaries of A.A.’s five service agencies:
    (1) General Service Board of A.A., Inc.;
    (2) General Service Headquarters;
    (3) A.A. Publishing, Inc.
    (4) The General Service Conference; and
    (5) The A.A. Grapevine, Inc.

    The description of A.A. Publishing, Inc. states:

    The General Service Board, with the approval of the General Service Conference, has also granted to Bill [W.], as the surviving co-founder of the movement, a 15% royalty on sales of the A.A. book. These royalties represent Bill’s only income from A.A. sources.

    The back cover [left] listed the Twelve Traditions in short form, as published in the November 1949 A.A. Grapevine.

	In 1975, Bill W.: The Absorbing And Deeply Moving Life Story Of Bill Wilson, Co-Founder Of Alcoholics Anonymous [left: 1st edition cover], written by Robert Thomsen [right], was published by Hazelden Publishing.

	In 2003, Searcy W. [left], 93, died in Dallas, Texas, with 20,962 days (57 years, 4 months, 20 days) of sobriety.     In 1949, Searcy began establishing treatment clinics in Dallas [right: where Ebby T. sobered up], Houston, Lubbock (all in Texas) and Carlsbad, New Mexico. Alcoholics came for a week and paid $125, all-inclusive. Then they went to A.A., and 75% stayed sober.

    Searcy’s motto was, “Trust God, clean house, help others. And it doesn’t have to be done in that order!”