1937: Hank P.’s company Honors Dealers ran an advertisement
[left]
in Paterson, New Jersey’s The Morning Call. The same advertisement
would appear seven days later in Hackensack, New Jersey’s
Bergen Evening Record.
1946: At the Philadelphia Psychiatric Association’s regular meeting, three papers on alcoholism were presented, followed by discussion of two of them.
Dr. Baldwin L. Keyes
[left]
began the first paper, “The Problem of Alcoholism”
[right: p. 1], with the statement:
[right: p. 1], by Dr. Walter L. Voegtlin
[left], reported on the results of a specific aversion therapy that achieved a
total abstinence rate of 51.5% for four or more years in a study of 1,526
patients conducted “before the war [World War II].”
The third paper, “Alcoholics Anonymous”
[right: p. 1], by Dr. C. Nelson Davis
[left], posed the question:
1946: At the Philadelphia Psychiatric Association’s regular meeting, three papers on alcoholism were presented, followed by discussion of two of them.
Dr. Baldwin L. Keyes
[left]
began the first paper, “The Problem of Alcoholism”
[right: p. 1], with the statement:The enormity of the problem presented by alcoholism staggers the imagination.… It has been shown that the cost of care for alcoholism in one year in the United States far exceeds $12,000,000 [~$200 million in 2026]… and exceeds two thirds of the cost of care of all bodily ills.The second paper, “The Conditioned Reflex Treatment of Alcoholism”
[right: p. 1], by Dr. Walter L. Voegtlin
[left], reported on the results of a specific aversion therapy that achieved a
total abstinence rate of 51.5% for four or more years in a study of 1,526
patients conducted “before the war [World War II].”The third paper, “Alcoholics Anonymous”
[right: p. 1], by Dr. C. Nelson Davis
[left], posed the question:“How does it [A.A.] work?” I do not know, nor have I heard a satisfactory explanation.Dr. Davis also briefly described six of the many mechanisms that make up “a composite of many fundamental principles of medicine, psychiatry, and religion,” as follows.
(1) Acceptance of alcoholism as a
disease
(2) Friendship
(3) Personal contact
(2) Friendship
(3) Personal contact
(4) Group therapy in open meetings
(5) Individual psychotherapy in closed meetings
(6) Stimulation of the ego
Finally, he summarized the personal
experiences of three members of the original A.A. group in
Philadelphia:
These members gave convincing and graphic accounts of their experiences in recovery achieved in connection with their associations in Alcoholics Anonymous. In its simplest form, the therapeutic situation includes (a) admission of alcoholism; (b) personality analysis and catharsis; (c) adjustment of personal relations; (d) dependence on some higher power, and (e) working with other alcoholic patients.
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