November 12 in A.A. History

In 1918, Bill W. returned with Battery C, 66th Artillery, Coast Artillery Corps (C.A.C.), possibly from the St. Mihiel sector in France [right, 5 Jan 1919], to its station at La Courtine. At the time of the Armistice, its condition was described as “about ready to go on the line.”

In 1940, Paddy K. held the first A.A. meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, at the Jacoby Club, thereby establishing a connection between A.A. and the club. The Jacoby Club had been founded by Ernest Jacoby [left, 1913] in 1909; it had broken away from the Emmanuel Movement in 1913 and had incorporated separately. Its motto was “A club for men to help themselves by helping others.” There were no membership dues, and the only requirement for membership was “an expressed desire to lead an honorable life and a willingness to aid other men less fortunate.” The club attracted many alcoholics; however, Paddy’s group did not last, and the first permanent A.A. group in Boston was formed in March 1941.

    Bill W. later remarked of Paddy, 

    [He] could never get sober himself and finally died of alcoholism. He was just too sick to make it. Slip followed slip, but he came back each time to carry A.A.’s message, at which he was amazingly successful… 

In 1941, The Fresno (California) Bee published an article on page 15 titled “Alcoholics Anonymous Forms Local Unit” [right]. The article reported that three “well known” local men

    … to whom the liquor drinking habit has become a problem have announced the formation of the Fresno Chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous, a nation wide organization established to aid alcoholics.
    [A.A.]… is a volunteer non profit organization of former alcoholics who have banded together to help each other and to assist the ‘problem’ drinker in overcoming the liquor habit.

    The article notes the publicity A.A. received in March from The Saturday Evening Post article, “The Drunkard’s Best Friend,” by Jack Alexander (without identifying the magazine, article, or its author). It says that this small group is

    … seeking additional members who have the guarantee that any contact with the group will remain a secret within the organization. To further protect any applicant for membership from notoriety the group has rented Box 101 in the Fresno Postoffice [sic] to which alcoholics desiring help or seeking to join… may write.…    

    Abiding by the rules of the national organization the local members stand ready to aid any alcoholic at any time of the day or night.

    Confirmed drinkers have been invited to write a letter to the local group outlining their individual problems. 

In 1958, Fred Coe [far left], producer of the CBS Playhouse 90 teleplay “Days of Wine and Roses” (starring Cliff Robertson, Piper Laurie, and Charles Bickford), wrote to Leonard V. Strong [near left], Chairman of the Alcoholic Foundation Board, thanking him for

    … the help and advice that your New York organization of Alcoholics Anonymous gave to our production… and a deep bow to Miss Eve Marsh [GSO staff and secretary of the 1958 General Service Conference], whose advice to the writer, director, and actors was so helpful. ‘The Days of Wine and Roses’ received the largest mail, telephone, and telegram response of any program presented on PLAYHOUSE 90, and I feel that your association should certainly receive a large share of the praise.

November 11 in A.A. History

In 1918, World War I (then known as the Great War) officially ended at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month (Central European Time). Known as Armistice Day—or Remembrance Day in the British Commonwealth—the U.S. rededicated it in 1954 to honor all veterans and renamed it Veterans Day.

In 1932, Let’s Operate [far left: cover] by Dr. Roy H. McKay [near left] and Norman Beasley was published. A review in the Journal of the American Medical Association read:

    It is simple, indeed, for any medical author to exploit the mistakes of his confrères and to exaggerate the evidence of unnecessary operations, fee splitting and other weaknesses that have on occasion been apparent in medical practice. This volume is apparently a journalistic tour de force. Dr. McKay got important newspaper publicity when he first emphasized these facts and was apparently induced by the publishers to expand his original remarks into a book. This review is written some months after the book was first published, and the indications seem to be that as a sensation the book fell somewhat flat.

    McKay would be one of Bill W. and Dr. Bob S.’s early failures in June 1935, before they met Bill D.; thus McKay missed his chance to become A.A. #3. He would die before the end of 1936.

In 1934, the stock market was closed in observance of Armistice Day, but Lois had to work, so Bill W. decided to play golf on Staten Island, likely at Silver Lake Golf Course [right, 20 Apr 1930]. He took the subway to Lower Manhattan, the ferry to Staten Island, and a bus south to the course. On the bus, Bill struck up a conversation with the man next to him, who was carrying a rifle. The man told Bill he was going target shooting at a range beyond the golf course. While they were talking, another bus collided with theirs; fortunately, no one was hurt, but the passengers had to wait for a replacement bus.
    Bill’s companion suggested they wait at a nearby bar. He ordered scotch, while Bill ordered ginger ale. When asked why he wasn’t drinking, Bill launched into a lengthy account of Silkworth’s theory of alcoholism and his own history with alcohol, declaring that he could never drink another drop again.
    When the replacement bus arrived, they resumed their journey. The bus reached the golf course around noon, and Bill’s friend, who needed to change buses, proposed they stop for lunch at a nearby place. Bill ordered ginger ale with his sandwiches, while his friend again ordered scotch.
    Bill fell into a reverie about his first Armistice Day, celebrated in a small French town. Just then, the bartender offered each of them an Armistice Day Scotch, on the house. Bill immediately took his and downed it. His astonished friend exclaimed, “You must be crazy!” Bill assured him that he was. The friend went on to the shooting range while Bill continued to drink.
    Somehow, Bill found his way to the golf course. However, he kept drinking and played so recklessly that he was kicked out. He came home at 5 a.m., so drunk that he fell into the entryway under the stairs and gashed his head. Lois, who had been up all night worrying, rushed downstairs when she heard the noise. Bill was on the floor, unconscious and bleeding profusely. As a result, Lois began looking for a sanitarium for Bill. This binge would last a month.

In 1939, Bill and Lois W. visited Clarence S. [left] in Cleveland, Ohio. Clarence had started the first A.A. group there in May.

In 1940, A.A. came to Minnesota. In 1996, Alf S. would recall how it had happened:

    Chan F. from Chicago… shared it [the message] with Pat C. [near right] during that horrible Armistice Day blizzard [far right: scene in Minneapolis during this blizzard]. Chan and another A.A. [Bill F.] came to Minneapolis to attend a Minnesota Gopher football game. I was at that same football game, drunk… [M]onths earlier, Chan had received a letter from Bill W—– typed by… Ruth Hock. A month or so earlier, Pat had gone into the Minneapolis library to stay warm, found the book “Alcoholics Anonymous”…; wrote a letter to NY asking for help. The letter Chan received asked him to call on Pat if he ever was in Minneapolis.… I can visualize Pat freezing in that little room on Skid row, shaking while eyeing the last inch of Old Grand Dad whiskey left in his bottle! Only an alcoholic can understand the desperation of that feeling.
    Then the magic happened… Chan talked to Pat, and… Pat stayed sober from that point on.

November 10 in A.A. History

In 1937, Willard S. Richardson [near right] wrote to Dr. Leonard V. Strong [far right]:

    I have now had conferences with four men whose judgment as to the interesting story of Mr. [Bill] W—– I think is good. I assure you that even my repeating of the story was impressive to them, and they thought the matter very important. They were all inclined to agree with me that, if possible, any organization of this project and anything that tended to professionalize or institutionalize it would be a serious matter and quite undesirable. Some of them thought quite as highly of Mr. W—–’s experience as a religious one as they did of it as a liquor one.

    The letter went on to suggest an early lunch meeting for Bill W., Strong, and himself. This meeting would lead to an invitation from Richardson to convene in John D. Rockefeller’s private boardroom at Rockefeller Center [left, 1 Jan 1937], along with several close associates of Rockefeller. Representing A.A. would be Dr. Strong, Dr. Silkworth, Bill W., Dr. Bob S., and a few alcoholics from both New York City and Akron, Ohio.

In 1939, Clarence S. [left] wrote to the Alcoholic Foundation in New York City, informing them that three A.A. groups would be established in Cleveland, Ohio, effective that week. He added,

    I expect two more at least by the beginning of the year. Right now, we have about 60 A.A.’s, most of them active, and an additional 15 to 20 being worked on in various ways. By splitting into smaller groups, the numbers should increase quite rapidly in the next 30 to 60 days.

    He had nothing to say about the uproar regarding newspaper reporters attending group meetings or his expulsion and the consequent need to start a new group. However, he did note that the Oxford Group was “hopping up and down, as they have been trying vainly to get publicity.”

In 2024, the American Journal of Medicine [right: cover] published an article titled “New Clinical and Public Health Challenges: Increasing Trends in United States Alcohol Related Mortality” online. The abstract states, in part:

Background
    In the United States (US) and worldwide alcohol is a major contributor to premature mortality and morbidity. We explored US trends in alcohol related mortality from 1999 to 2020 overall and by age, gender, race, and region.…
Results
    In 1999, there were 19,356 alcohol-related deaths, a mortality rate of 10.7 per 100,000. By 2020, deaths increased to 48,870 or 21.6 per 100,000. Overall, the mortality rate ratio (MRR) was significantly increased about 2.0-fold. There were significant increases in all 10-year age groups with the largest 3.8-fold in those 25 to 34. Women experienced a 2.5-fold increase;. Asians and Pacific Islanders had the largest increase of 2.4-fold:. the Midwest showed the largest regional increase of 2.5-fold.
Conclusions
    During the last 20 years there have significant increases of about 2-fold in US alcohol-related mortality. Clinical challenges are increased by interrelationships of risk factors, especially overweight and obesity and diabetes. Alcohol, overweight and obesity and diabetes all cause liver damage which may be additive and lead to earlier onset of alcohol related mortality. In addition health providers should also consider demographic shifts, and regional differences. Targeted interventions by health care providers may reduce this increasing US epidemic of alcohol related mortality. These data also generate many hypotheses testable in analytic studies designed a priori to do so.

    In March 2025, this article would be re-published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

November 9 in A.A. History

In 1944, four months before his 58th birthday, James “Jim” R., co-founder of the first A.A. group in Baltimore, Maryland, died [near right: headstone; far right: obituary, Baltimore’s The Evening Sun] of a heart attack after playing handball at the Baltimore’s Central YMCA. He had gotten sober on 7 Jun 1933, more than 18 months before Bill W., and he never drank again.

In 2001, the General Service Office (GSO) sent a complimentary copy of the 4th edition of the Big Book, Alcoholics Anonymous [left], to every registered group in the United States and Canada.

November 8 in A.A. History

In 1944, the Scarborough (Ontario) General Hospital Service Meeting [left: Scarborough General Hospital, c. 1956] was started by Tony T., Duncan Donald M., Jack T., and Joe S., all of whom remained continuously sober until their deaths. Bill M. from the Unionville Group attended the first meeting and would participate until at least the group's 25th anniversary. Tommy H., also from the Unionville Group, attended the inaugural meeting and would continue until his death in 1999. Betty, Tommy’s wife and a hospital employee, supported and facilitated the meeting, even arranging discounted parking for members. Roy St. C., a hospital patient, would attend the second meeting, and other patients would soon follow. Eventually, Murray D., who would die after 44 years of continuous sobriety, would become a regular attendee, arriving early to set up and make coffee.
    Originally a discussion meeting, the format would evolve into one that lasted for over 25 years: three readings followed by a speaker sharing their experience, strength, and hope for 25 minutes, and concluding with a 15-minute question-and-answer period. This format would prove to be quite suitable for the hospital setting.

November 7 in A.A. History

In 1944, the Cleveland (Ohio) Central Committee held its monthly meeting with 37 members representing 23 of the 44 local groups, plus one from Toledo. “[A] restless and exciting atmosphere was quite noticeable,” said one attendee. Even after the call to order and the Serenity Prayer, as reports of old business were being read, the moderator had to call the body to order “again and again.” Still, there was “a murmur of persistent whispering.” When they reached the last report, that of the Hospital Committee,

    … the impatience and restlessness… was [sic]… obvious. Not many seemed to know… the reason for the strange atmosphere… Rumors had… spread that a group of members, mostly old-timers, were… proposing the affiliation of… A.A.… to the Oxford Group. Others… had heard that this same group wanted to have a screening committee to approve applications of new members. There… [were] many different rumors about what was to be proposed. Two members were so incensed… that they… voice[d] the opinion that it would be… better not to allow the group of agitators or reformers to talk. It wasn’t easy for the moderator to maintain quietness and proceed. Finally the turn to new business began.
    One member… requested to be heard on… [an item] of new business. The moderator consented and this member,… [said] that he was speaking not only for himself but also for… other members. He said some… were present and others were not; however,… their names were Charles D., Dr. F. F., Cliff B., Paul J., Elmer L., Abby G., Kay H,, Clarence S., John D., Jack D., Clarence W. and a few others whose names… [have been lost]. All present had their eyes and undivided attention fixed on the man talking,… waiting for the bomb that was supposed to explode. [He]… went on to say that he, as well as… [those he represented], had driven to Akron for some time to attend meetings of the Oxford Group… before the actual birth of A.A.… [T]he purpose of their interest in the Oxford Group had been the same interest… [as] now… [in] A.A. Practically all of… [them] had journeyed… to Akron… to acquire… sobriety…. However,… many men and women here [are] in need of our A.A. program and… [he] and the… men he represented [thought] that the Central Committee… [consider] the establishment of a Central A.A. Office similar to that already functioning in Chicago.
    Even before he… [was] back in his chair, practically every member’s hand was raised requesting the floor. After a… prolonged discussion the assembly became divided… [between] those in favor of the project, and [those]… against. After almost three and a half hours of debate, a motion was made and carried that the Central Committee appoint a committee to formulate a plan as to how the establishment of a District Office could be carried out.

    Three months later, to the day, the Alcoholics Anonymous Cleveland District Office would open [right: looking through the glass door entrance to that office].

November 6 in A.A. History

In 1880, Ernest Jacoby [right, 1913] was born in Manchester, Lancashire, England, as the eighth of eleven known children of Bertha Iklé and Siegfried Jacoby. After emigrating to the United States in 1888, he would become a rubber merchant in Boston, Massachusetts, and a parishioner at Emmanuel Episcopal Church. In 1908, he initiated weekly meetings for men struggling with alcohol problems. This group would later advertise itself as the Jacoby Club, “A Club for Men to Help Themselves by Helping Others.”

Today in A.A. History—November 6–8

	In 2020, the 62nd Australian General Service Conference was held online [left: Conference Report cover]. The theme was “I Am Responsible.” Among the advisory actions was #009/2020, which stated:     Conference resolved that the creation of a virtual Area be included as part of the review of the General Service Structure by the Conference Policies & Admissions Committee. All Conference members are requested to advise of any concerns so they can be addressed in a guideline for creating a virtual Area. A draft of this guideline will be circulated to Conference members for input, following which a mail poll will be conducted for approval of the guideline prior to Conference next year.

November 5 in A.A. History

In 1962, the CBS radio program Dimensions of a Woman’s World, hosted by Betty Furness [right, 5 Mar 1962], featured an epi­sode about “International A.A.” Furness began by saying, “I’ve just discovered some of the international aspects of Alcoholics Anonymous… and it’s a most interesting story.” She shared stories about A.A. overseas and concluded by saying, “A.A. both here and abroad working with Loners, or large groups of people… is an extraordinary organization.”

In 2002, the Scarborough General Hospital Meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous [left: the hospital of that name, c. 2014] in Scarborough, Ontario, celebrated 25 years of continuous service, with one original member and several early members in attendance. The speaker was Mildred F. from the Rox Glen Traditional Group of A.A.

In 2019, Central Recovery Press published the first edition of Writing the Big Book: The Creation of A.A. [near right: cover] by William H. “Bill” Schaberg [far right].

November 4 in A.A. History

In 1939, the Cleveland (Ohio) Plain Dealer published the second [right] and final article in Elrick B. Davis’s second series titled “A Physician Looks Upon Alcoholics Anonymous.” It read, in part,

    The first appraisal in a scientific journal of Alcoholics Anonymous, former drunkards who cure themselves by curing each other with the help of religious experience, was published in the July issue of the journal Lancet [sic]. It was “A New Approach to Psychotherapy [in]^* Chronic Alcoholism.: [sic] by W. D. Silkworth, M.D. physician in charge, Chas B. Town’s Hospital, New York City. A drunkard [Bill W.] during a moment of [deep]^* depression had the spontaneous “religious experience” which started his cure. This was the seed from which came Alcoholics Anonymous. Dr. silkworth [sic] was at first skeptical. He is no longer.

---

^*Brackets in original

	In 1939, encouraged by Nona W., Marty M. and Bill and Lois W.* first visited Joy Farm in Kent, Connecticut, which was run by Ethelred Folsom [left], who preferred to be called Sister Francis, after Francis of Assisi. A remarkable woman, her generosity provided a home for those in need of healing and spiritual nourishment. Because her beliefs aligned with the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous, she offered the farm to Bill W. for the work of A.A. Bill declined, but in 1940, others established it as the world’s first 12-Step treatment center, renaming it High Watch Farm [right: aerial view].

    Marty would later describe their arrival:

    There was something there, something that was really palpable that you could feel and every one of us felt it. To say that we fell in love with it, is not to use the right terminology at all. We were engulfed… What is at the Farm was already at the Farm before we ever found it. It found us, in my opinion.

    Bill famously described the spiritual atmosphere as so thick that you could cut it with a knife.

---

^*Marty, in a speech at the 25th anniversary of High Watch, mentioned that it was late October and that Horace C. and Bert T., along with their wives, accompanied them.

In 1940, Bill and Lois W. moved into one of two small upstairs bedrooms [left, line drawing from February 1951 A.A. Grapevine] in the clubhouse at 334½ W. 24th St. in New York City, where they would live for about a year.^* Lois increased the apparent size of the room by removing unnecessary shelves and painting the walls white with red trim. She also made a dressing table out of an orange crate.

---

^*Pass It On says 5 months (p. 239).

In 1963, Bill W. attended the funeral service for Rev. Dr. Samuel Moor Shoemaker, III at St. Thomas Episcopal Church in Owings Mills, Maryland near Burnside, the Shoemaker estate [right: recent photo of the manor house at Burnside]. Thirty years later, Shoemaker’s younger daughter, Nickie Shoemaker Haggart, “well remembered” something Bill had said to her as they stood together that day in the driveway at Burnside:

    Don’t let anyone ever tell you that I founded A. A. If it wasn’t for Sam Shoemaker, A. A. would never have been born.

November 3 in A.A. History

In 1938, enclosing the latest chapters for the proposed, yet-to-be-named book (which would become Alcoholics Anonymous [right: 1st ed., 2nd printing]), Bill W. wrote to Dr. Bob S. for the third time, seeking feedback from the members of the Akron, Ohio, “Alcoholic  Squadron.” He urged Dr. Bob to encourage the Ohio members to “speak up or forever hold their peace” regarding the drafts he had been sending. It turned out that Dr. Bob had not shared any of these drafts with the other Akron members.
    Bill added that he hoped “to get out there about December first for a week or two so we can cover these matters better.” However, the ongoing writing and editing of the book ultimately prevented Bill from making that trip.

 

In 1941, at 8:00 p.m., the first Alcoholics Anonymous meeting in Columbus, Ohio, took place in the basement of the Downtown YMCA [left, c. 1926] at 40 W. Long St., with six attendees.

In 1975, Lois W.  [near right] , Bill’s widow, and Tom S.  [right, 2nd from left]  cut a blue ribbon to officially open the A.A. Archives at the General Service Office (GSO) in New York City. In attendance were Nell Wing  [right, 2nd from right], non-alcoholic archivist; Dr. John Norris  [far right], non-alcoholic chair of the Board of Trustees; Lois; George G., Class B (alcoholic) trustee and chair of the Trustees’ Archives Committee; Tom S., former Class B (alcoholic) trustee and former chair of the Archives Committee at large; other trustees; GSO and A.A. Grapevine staff; and a few overseas guests.

    The opening speaker called for “a minimum of myth about A.A. and its co-founders.” Dr. Norris emphasized that A.A. can continually renew itself by returning to its source. He recalled Bill’s frequent admonition that the Board and GSO should document everything they do. Both George and Lois paid special tribute to Nell Wing. Lois reminisced about the early days of A.A. on Clinton Street in Brooklyn during the 1930s. She noted that most of the early records were not saved, partly because their importance was not recognized, but mostly because “we were just too busy trying to help alcoholics and their families.” Lois added that Bill appreciated the theoretical significance of these records, “but he wasn’t very good at doing anything about it.” After the “usual closing” (i.e., the Lord’s Prayer), food and coffee were served. Then came the big laugh of the day: everyone realized that the opening of the archives had not been recorded for posterity! [Leftt: the A.A. Archives, Winter 2022.]

November 2 in A.A. History

In 1881, Frank Belford Amos [left, as a young man] was born in Caldwell, Ohio, the youngest of three children of John Major and Mary Elizabeth Wallar Amos. He would later become a close associate of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and an original Class A (non-alcoholic) trustee of the Alcoholic Foundation.

In 1939, the Cleveland (Ohio) Plain Dealer published the first article [right] in a second series by Elrick B. Davis about Alcoholics Anonymous, titled “A Noted Divine Reviews ‘Alcoholics Anonymous’”:     When 100 members of Alcoholics Anonymous, the extraordinary fellowship of men and women who have cured themselves of “incurable” alcoholism by curing each other and adopting a “spiritual way of life,” had established their cures to the satisfaction of their physicians, families, employers and psychotherapists, they published a book.     It is a 400-page volume of which half is a history of the movement and a description of its methods, and the other half a collection of 30 case histories designed to show what a wide variety of persons the fellowship has cured.

November 1 in A.A. History

	In 1934, Edwin “Ebby” T. [left] made his “surrender” during an Oxford Group meeting at the Calvary Church Rescue Mission [right], located at 246 E. 23rd St. in New York City.

In 1941, Oklahoma’s Oklahoma City Times published an article titled “For Drunks: A Real Cure Comes to City” [right], which reported, in part:     Seven guys who can’t take their liquor without becoming “175 pounds each of roaring hell” met in an office in the Ramsey Tower Friday night to work over the eighth guy who was roaring drunk.      It was the first mass meeting here of Alcoholics Anonymous, an organization of former drunks formed by a drunk in New York six years ago, for the purpose of curing and keeping cured the sort of drinkers who are “alergic” [sic] to alcohol.

In 1947, A.A. “Group #1” was started in Anchorage [left, 1945], Alaska, with Herman C. as its leader. It would be the first lasting group in Alaska. Jack Alexander would write in his article, “The Drunkard's Best Friend,” which would be published in The Saturday Evening Post in April 1950,
    The group at Anchorage, Alaska, which started in a blizzard, has a dozen members, including one slightly puzzled Eskimo.

In 1963, the first all-Swiss A.A. meeting, a two-day event that began on this date, brought together French- and German-speaking members. Following this gathering, the all-Swiss Bulletin would be published in both languages [right: Dec ’63 Box 4-5-9 news of all-Swiss meeting].

In 2001, the fourth edition of Alcoholics Anonymous [left: cover] (the “Big Book”) was published; it included 24 new personal stories.

In 2001, JP Miller, the pen name of James Pinckney “Pappy” Miller [right, c. early 1980s], 81, died of pneumonia in Flemington, New Jersey. He wrote the screenplay for the film Days of Wine and Roses, which starred Jack Lemmon, Lee Remick, Charles Bickford, and Jack Klugman.

In 2022, JAMA Network Open published an open-access article by Marissa B. Esser, PhD; Gregory Leung, PhD; Adam Sherk, PhD; et al., titled “Estimated Deaths Attributable to Excessive Alcohol Use Among US Adults Aged 20 to 64 Years, 2015 to 2019” [left: p. 1] . The article concluded that an estimated…

    694,660 mean deaths per year between 2015 and 2019 suggest that excessive alcohol consumption accounted for 12.9% of total deaths among adults aged 20 to 64 years and 20.3% of deaths among adults aged 20 to 49 years.

In 2024, A.A.W.S., Inc. first published the Conference-approved soft-cover Plain Language Big Book: A Tool for Reading “Alcoholics Anonymous” [right: cover].